Hrolf Nefia

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ragnvald I "The Wise" Eysteinsson, Earl of Orkney. Ragnvald (son of Eyestein "The Noisy" Ivarsson, Earl of More and Ascrida Rognvaldsdottir) was born about 830 in Mære, Steinkjer, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway; died about 892 in Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

See Europsch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Sporte de Bretagne in 932 in Normandel, Orne, Basse-Normandie, France. Sporte was born in 911 in Senlis, Bretagne, France; died in 945 in Normandy, France; was buried in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Luitgarda de Vermandois in 940. Luitgarda (daughter of Herbert de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois Count of Meaux and Count of Soissons II and Adele Capet) was born about 922 in of Vermandois, Normandy, France; died on 9 Feb 978; was buried in Matemoutier Abbe, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adele married Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Auvergne William III "Towhead" about 944 in Aquitaine, France. William (son of Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou Ebles "The Bastard" and Emiliane) was born about 912 in of Poitiers, France; died on 3 Apr 963 in Montecassino, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adaele married Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Auvergne William III "Towhead" about 944. William (son of Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou Ebles "The Bastard" and Emiliane) was born about 912 in of Poitiers, France; died on 3 Apr 963 in Montecassino, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Gunnora de Crepon in 978 in Normandy, France. Gunnora (daughter of King of Denmark Herbastus (Harold) VII "Bluetooth" Gormsson and Gynrithe Olafsdatter) was born on 21 Nov 936 in Crépon, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 23 Sep 1031 in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married of Paris Emma in 956 in France. Emma (daughter of Hugh "The Great" Capet and of Saxony Hedwig) was born in 945 in France; died on 19 Mar 968. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Duke of Aquitaine. abdicated 993. Also known as Fierabras.

William married of Blois Emma about 968. Emma (daughter of Count of Champagne I Theobald and Luitgarda de Vermandois) was born about 945 in of France; died after 27 Dec 1003. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adelaide married Hugh Capet, King of the Franks in 968. Hugh (son of Hugh "The Great" Capet and of Saxony Hedwig) was born on 23 Aug 941 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France; died on 24 Oct 996 in Les Juifs, Chartres, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; was buried in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Judith de Rennes in 996 in France. Judith (daughter of Conan I "The Crooked", Duke of Brittany Count of Rennes and Ermengarde d'Anjou) was born in 974 in Bretagne, France; died on 16 Jun 1017 in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; was buried in Bernay, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Princess of Denmark Estrid Svendsdatter in 1017 in Normandy, France. Estrid (daughter of Princess of Poland Swietoslava (Sygryda) (Gunhild)) was born about 962 in of Denmark; died in 9 May; was buried in Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Pope (Papie) about 1024 in of Normandy, France. Pope was born about 997 in of Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Geoffrey married Hawise de GuinesBrionne, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. Hawise (daughter of Count Guisnes Sigefred "The Dane" and Countess of Guisnes Elstrude de Flanders) was born in 958 in Guînes, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 19 Jul 1002 in Brionne, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hedwig married Geoffrey I Berengar in 996 in Bretagne, France. Geoffrey (son of Conan I "The Crooked", Duke of Brittany Count of Rennes and Ermengarde d'Anjou) was born in 980 in Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died on 20 Nov 1008 in Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Bretagne-de-Marsan, Landes, Aquitaine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrix married Viscount of Veretadour, Camborn and Turenne Ebles about 1000 in Roucy, Aisne, France. Ebles (son of Viscount of Ventedour II Archembaud and Sulpice de Turenne) was born in 970 in Turenne, France; died after 1030. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Havlive de Rouen. Havlive was born about 968 in Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Lescelin de Turquerville before 1017. Lescelin was born about 997; died in 1057. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emma married King of England Æthelred II "The Unready" on 5 Apr 1002 in Winchester Cathedral, England. Æthelred (son of King of England Edgar "The Peaceful" and Ælfthryth) was born in 968 in Wessex, England; died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in St Paul's, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emma married Canute in 1017. Canute was born about 995; died on 12 Nov 1035 in Shaftesbury, Dorset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Some sources say he resigned the Dukedom for his son in 1021, but this is not indicated in Stammtafeln. Some sources also say died 1025, but Stammtafeln indicates 1030.

William married Comtesse de Bourgogne Agnes de Macon in 1018 in France. Agnes (daughter of Otto, King of Lombardy I and of Rheims Ermentrude de Roucy) was born in 995 in of Bourgogne, France; died on 10 Nov 1068. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Brisque de Gascogne about 1009 in Aquitaine, Gironde, France. Brisque was born about 989 in Gascogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married of Burgundy Bertha in 996. Bertha was born about 980. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married of Toulouse Constance d'Arles in 1000 in Meulan, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France. Constance (daughter of Count of Arles, Provence, and Toulouse William (Guillaume) de Taillefer, III and Adelaide (Arsinde) (Blanche) d'Anjou) was born in 985 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comte, France; died on 25 Jul 1032 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Robert contributed to the restoration of Henry King of France to his throne and received from the gratitude of that monarch the Vexin as an addition to his patrimonial domains. In the 8th year of his reign, curiosity or devotion induced him to undertake a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where the fatigues of the journey and the heat of the climate so impaired his constitution he died on his way home.

Some sources call him Robert I the Magnificent!

Robert married Officer of the Household Hariette de Falaise about 1023. Hariette (daughter of Fulbert "The Tanner" de Falaise and Doda (Duxia)) was born in 1003 in Falaise, Normandy, France; died in 1035; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Adèle Capet, Princess of France in Jan 1026 in Nevers, Nièvre, Bourgogne, France. Adèle (daughter of King of France Robert II "The Pious" Capet and of Toulouse Constance d'Arles) was born in 1009 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France; died on 8 Jan 1078 in Monastere de Lordre de St Benoist, Messines, France; was buried in Mesen, Ieper, West Flanders, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Renaud, Count of Burgundy I before 1 Sep 1016 in Burgundy, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.. Renaud (son of Otto, King of Lombardy I and of Rheims Ermentrude de Roucy) was born in 990 in Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; died on 4 Sep 1057 in Fecamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; was buried in Besancon, Franche-Comté, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Pappa married Gilbert (Gautier) de St. Valery about 1004 in of St. Valery-en-Caux, Normandy, France. Gilbert (son of Bernard St. Valery and Emma) was born about 977 in of St. Valery-en-Caux, Normandy, France; died after 1011. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Stephen II de Champagne. Stephen (son of Count of Blois, Champagne, Chartres, Tours and Beauvais Odo (Eudes), II and Ermengarde d'Auvergne) was born about 1015; died about 1047. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gilbert married Gunnora d'Anjou in 1021 in Tillieres, Eure, France. Gunnora (daughter of Fulk III "The Black", Count of Anjou and Hildegarde de Lorraine) was born in 984 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 12 Sep 1042 in Fecamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Constance de Eu. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Vicomte de St. Sauveur Niel III de St. Sauveur. Niel (son of Niel, Vicomte de St. Sauveur II and Countess of Bretange Hedwige) died after 1066. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emma married Ivo, Vicomte de Cotentin on 2 Apr 1043 in Bretagne, France. Ivo (son of Niel, Vicomte de St. Sauveur II and Adela d'Eu) was born in 1026 in Bellomontensis, Cotentin Manche Normandy, France; died on 22 May 1059 in Contentin, Manche, Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Matilda about 1045 in France. Matilda was born about 1025 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Adelaide de Chalons about 1046 in France. Adelaide was born about 1025 in France; died in 1080. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

RICHARD, COMTE D'EVREUX, AND GUILLAUME HIS SON
The Conqueror and His Companions
by J. R. Planché, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874........

Of the group of nobles at the head of this chapter, the first two are mentioned by Wace, and Guillaume de Poitiers speaks only of the son of Count Richard.

Other writers, however, assert that both Count Richard and his son fought side by side in the battle of Senlac. It is possible they might have done so, as Count Richard died on the 13th of December of the following year, 1067, and there is nothing to prove that he was not in the army of invasion. It is remarkable, however, that in Taylor's List it is William, Count of Evreux, who is set down as contributing eighty vessels to the fleet; and as William was not Count of Evreux in 1066, it is possible that it is one of the many mistakes we find in the baptismal names of these early nobles and their wives, and we ought to read "Richard," at least as far as the furnishing so noble a contingent as eighty vessels, which must surely have been the act of the reigning Prince, and not of his son, who might at the same time have had the command of them. Richard, Count of Evreux, was the grandson of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and succeeded his father, Robert, Count of Evreux and Archbishop of Rouen, in 1037. Beyond the fact that at a date variously stated as 1055, 1060, and 1066 or 1067, he founded the abbey of St. Sauveur; nothing is stated of his acts and deeds worth recording; but he is described by the monk of Jumièges as equally a good Christian and aa good soldier.....

He was twice married. His first wife was Adela (called by Pere Anselm, Helene), widow of the Roger de Toeni who was slain in 1038, by whom he had William, who succeeded him, and Agnes, third wife of Simon de Montfort, and whose abduction by her half-brother, Ralph de Toeni, I have already mentioned. By his second wife, Godechilde, of whose family we know as little as we do of that of his first, he had only one daughter, named after her mother, who became abbess of St. Sauveur, the abbey founded by her father at Evreux.

Of William, Count of Evreux, the undoubted companion of the Conqueror, much more is recorded, though nothing previous to the invasion, except his being present with his father at the great Council at Lillebonne, wherein that invasion was decided upon. He is reported as having borne himself valiantly in the battle, and received an ample share of the lands in England distributed by the Conqueror in 1070 to the chieftains who had accompanied him in his expedition. He returned to Normandy in 1078, and was one of the mediators in the treaty of Peace of Blanchelande (vide p. 198, ante). Shortly afterwards, King William, as if to indemnify himself for the property he had bestowed upon him in England, took from him the Castle of Evreux, and placed a royal garrison in it. Nevertheless, he fought on the King's side during the disturbances in Maine, and was taken prisoner at the assault of the Castle of Saint Suzanne, held against the King by Hubert, Vicomte de Maine. In 1087, on the death of the Conqueror, he recovered the Castle of Evreux, driving out the royal troops both from there and from the town of Dangu in the Norman Vexin.

Being without issue, he had adopted his niece Bertrade, daughter of his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort. In 1089, Fulk le Rechin, or the Quarreler, Count of Anjou, captivated by her beauty, determined to repudiate his third wife, Arengarde, daughter of Isambert, Lord of Chalet-dillon, whom he had only married, 21st January, 1087, in order to obtain the hand of the lovely Bertrade. At this moment, the Manceaux making a fresh effort to throw off the yoke of the Normans, Duke Robert Court-heuse entreated the Count of Anjou to assist him in their repression, which he promised to do on condition that the Duke would obtain for him the hand of Bertrade. On Robert's application to the Count of Evreux, he was answered: "Not unless you will restore me Noyon- sur-Andelle, Gassai, Cravant, Ecouchi, and the other lands of Raoul, my paternal uncle, who was facetiously called 'Tete d'Ane,' on account of his head of hair, and to my nephew, William de Breteuil, Pont Saint Pierre; for Robert de Gassai, son of Raoul, has made me his sole heir." The Duke accepted the condition, and restored to him the whole of these estates, except that of Ecouchi, which was held by Gerrard de Gournay, who was of the same family. The beautiful young Bertrade was, therefore, literally sold at that price to the profligate and detestable Count of Anjou, whom she subsequently fled from with the French King, Philip I, -- the natural consequence of such an unholy union, and the guilt of which lies on the head of her uncle. I have already, in my notice of Ralph de Toeni, spoken of the war maintained for three years between him and this William, Count of Evreux, his uterine brother, kindled by the hostility of their respective wives. After their reconciliation the Count of Evreux did good service to Duke Robert against William Rufus, who endeavored to take from him the city of Rouen; but afterwards, making his peace with the King on the departure of Court-heuse for the Holy Land, he was appointed, in 1097, one of the leaders of the army sent by Rufus, as Regent of Normandy in his nephew's absence, to wrest the province of the Vexin from the King of France, and after the reduction of Maine, in the following year, was charged, in conjunction with Gilbert de 1'Aigle, with the keeping of the city of Mans.

Previous to the death of Rufus the Count of Evreux was out of favor with the King, in consequence of some reports to his disadvantage, attributed to the jealousy of Robert de Meulent, but he continued loyal to that monarch up to the day of the fatal hunt in the New Forest. He lost no time afterwards, however, in avenging himself on Robert de Meulent, whose land of Beaumont he overran and ravaged with unsparing fury.

In 1104 the new King of England, Henry I, coming over to Normandy with a numerous fleet and a great power, in order to restore something like order into the duchy, which the indolent and dissolute Robert Court-heuse had abandoned to the shameless parasites by whom he was enslaved, Robert, conscious of his misconduct, and alarmed at the attitude of his brother, implored his forgiveness and protection, offering him, as a pledge of his sincerity, the whole Comté of Evreux, with the feudal services of itss Count and all his vassals.....

"The illustrious Count," says Orderic, "hearing that he was to be transferred like a horse or an ox, and wishing to preserve his integrity and fealty, said publicly to the Princes: 'I have served your father faithfully all my days, never having stained my sworn fealty in any matter hitherto. I have also observed it to his heir, and determined to use every effort to continue in that course; but it being impossible, as I have often heard learned doctors declare, on the faith of Scripture and the Word of God, that a man can serve two masters who are opposed to each other, it is my earnest desire to be subject to one lord only, lest, being liable to a double service, I may satisfy neither. I love both the King and the Duke; both are the sons of the King, my late lord, and I wish to respect both; but I will only do homage to one, and him I will faithfully serve.'"

The chronicler adds that this candid declaration pleased every one. Duke Robert himself placed the hands of the Count between those of the King, and William became Henry's "Man," fighting for him loyally against his former lord, Robert Court-heuse, at the battle of Tenchebrai, A.D. 1106. But the restless and mischief-making spirit of his wife, by whom he was blindly guided, disturbed the good feeling between William and his sovereign, who had begun very highly to appreciate the services of the Count of Evreux. Proud and envious, she involved him in continual quarrels with the most influential nobles about the person of the King, and ultimately induced him to destroy a tower which Henry had caused to be erected in Evreux.

This act embroiled him with the King, and caused his banishment and the confiscation of his estates. He sought refuge with Fulk V, Count of Anjou, the son of his niece Bertrade, A.D. 1112. Recalled and re-established in his estates after fourteen months' exile, he was a second time banished and again pardoned and restored to his rank and property, and died of apoplexy, 18th April, 1118, without issue.

I cannot resist quoting from Orderic a ridiculous story connected with the death of this Count, because it is so seriously told by the worthy monk of St. Evroult, and illustrates the curious state of education of the period.

"About this time," says the writer, "a prodigy was seen in England. A rustic having bought a cow, presumed to be with calf, at Ely, killed and opened it by order of Henry the Breton, bishop of that diocese. Strange to say, instead of a calf, three little pigs were found in it. "A certain pilgrim returning from Jerusalem, who chanced to meet the countryman driving the cow home from market, told him, and afterwards repeated to the Bishop and other bystanders, that three great persons in the dominions of King Henry would die that year, and many severe calamities would follow. The pilgrim's prophecy was justified by events which occurred in the time specified.

"In fact, William, Count of Evreux, died on the fourteenth of the kalends of May (11th April), and was interred at Fontenelles, in the Abbey of St. Wandrille, by the side of his father Richard. Soon afterwards Queen Matilda, whose baptismal name was Edith, died on the kalends (1st) of May, and lies buried in the Church of St. Peter at Westminster; likewise Robert, Earl of Meulent, expired on the nones (5th) of June, and reposes with his father and brother in the chapters of the monks at Preaux. After the death of these distinguished persons there were great troubles in Normandy."

It needed no ghost from the grave, nor second-sighted pilgrim to predict that three persons of rank would die in the course of the ensuing twelve months, or that there would be troubles in some parts of the dominions of Henry.

The production of the three little pigs is by far the most surprising part of the story. Are we much less prone to gulp down preposterous statements in the 19th century?

One fact, however, is incidentally brought to light in this foolish fiction which is important to the genealogist. The double name of the Queen warns us of the confusion that may arise from our ignorance of such instances in other cases; one of which may possibly be discovered in the puzzling entry in Domes day Book respecting the King's daughter "Matilda" (vide p. 84, ante).

I have given you the character of Isabel, wife of Ralph de Toeni, it is but fair to place before you that of her antagonist, Havise, from the same authority.

"The Countess," writes Orderic, "was distinguished for her wit and beauty. She was one of the tallest women in all Evreux, and of very noble birth, being the daughter of William, the illustrious Count of Nevers. Disregarding the counsels of her husband's barons, she chose rather to follow her own opinion, and her ambition prompting her to meddle in political affairs, she was easily led to engage in rash enterprises."

The Countess died in 1114, and was buried at Noyon-sur-Andelles, in the priory which, with her husband, she had founded in 1108, but which was unfinished when Orderic was writing the eleventh book of his "History," viz., 1136. The building was razed to the ground in the reign of Charles IX, who laid the foundations of a magnificent palace there, and since that time the place has been called Charleval.

Family/Spouse: Adele de Toeni. Adele (daughter of Raoul I de Toeni and Fredistina de Bayeaux) was born about 1004 in Normandy, France; died in 1051. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Abbess of St. Sauveur Godechilde. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gerrard Flaitel. Gerrard was born in Jan 983 in Longueville, Normandy, France; died in 1028 in Longueville, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Known as "the Confessor", he was born around c. 1003/4 (by 1005) at Islip, Oxon. When he succeeded his half-brother King Hartacanute, on the 8th of June, 1042, the crown of England reverted from the usurping Dainsh dynasty to the line of Cerdic once
more, and for the last tiem. Edward was crowned on the 3rd of April, 1043, at Winchester Cathedral.

He died on the 4th or 5th of January, 1066, at the Palace of Westminster, and was buried in the new Westminster Abbey, built by his command and only recently consecrated.

He was succeeded by Harold, Earl of Wessex, his brother-in-law, to whom he left his throne, with the suport of the Witan, there being no adult claimant to the crown of the line of Cerdic.

Edward and Edith's marriage was purely platonic, the King being unwilling, for religious reasons, to comsummate it, hense there were no children.

His talent lay in the building of churches.

On the 7th of February, 1161, edward the Confessor was canonised, thus becoming the only king of England to be made a saint.

Edward married of Wessex Edith on 23 Jan 1045. Edith (daughter of Godwin and Gytha Thorgilsdottir) was born about 1020; died on 18 Dec 1075 in Palace of Westminster, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Goda married Count of Mantes and the Vexin Walter "Dreux" de Vexin about 1023. Walter (son of Count of Vexin Walter (Gautier) II "The White" de Valois and Adele de Senlis) was born in 979 in Normandy, France; died on 1 Jul 1035 in Bithynia, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Goda married Count of Boulogne II Eustace about 1050. II (son of I Eustace and Mahaut) was born about 1015 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died in 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Founded the Priory of St. Gemma in Xaintonge. Some sources say died 1021, but no Duke of Aquitaine died then according to Stammtafeln.

William married of Burgundy Hildegard about 1069. Hildegard (daughter of Robert I "The Old" Capet, Duke of Burgundy and Ermengarde Blanche d'Anjou) was born in 1050; died after 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Mathide de la Marche about 1058. Mathide (daughter of Hugh V "The Fair" de Lusignan and Almodis de la Marche, Countess of Limoges Toulouse and Barcelona) was born in 1035. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Ermesin about 1050 in Namur, France. Ermesin was born about 1030 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich (Henry) III "The Black" on 21 Nov 1043 in France. Heinrich (son of Holy Roman Emperor Konrad (Conrad) II "The Salic" and Duchess of Swabia Gisele) was born on 28 Oct 1017 in Germany; died on 5 Oct 1056. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Count of Savoy Peter I de Savoie about 1058 in France. Peter (son of Count of Maurienne and Chablais Oddon and of Torino Adelaide) was born about 1048 in Savoie, France; died on 9 Jul 1078. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Adela Capet

Adèle married Richard III "le Bon", Duke of Normandy in Jan 1026 in Nevers, Nièvre, Bourgogne, France. Richard (son of Richard, Duke of Normandy II and Judith de Rennes) was born about 1001 in Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 6 Aug 1027 in Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adèle married Baldwin V "The Pious", Count of Flanders in 1028 in Amiens, Somme, Picardie, France. Baldwin (son of Baldwin IV "Fair Beard", Count of Flanders and of Luxemburg Otgive de Luxembourg) was born on 19 Aug 1012 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 1 Sep 1067 in Lille, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried in Lille, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Ermengarde Blanche d'Anjou about 1048 in France. Ermengarde (daughter of Fulk III "The Black", Count of Anjou and Hildegarde de Lorraine) was born about 1018 in Semur, Cote-d'Or, Bourgogne, France; died on 18 Mar 1076 in Fleury-sur-Ouche, Cote-d'Or, Bourgogne, France; was buried in Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, Côte-d'Or, Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Helie (Eleanor) de Semur about 1033 in France. Helie (daughter of Count of Semur I Dalmace and Aremburge de Vergy) was born in 1016 in of Semur, Cote-d'Or, France; died on 22 Apr 1109. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 4 Aug 1060, Brie, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France

Henry married of Germany Matilda of de Friesland in 1043 in Bourgogne, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Matilda was born about 1022 in Friesland, Netherlands; died before 1044 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Anna Agnesa Yaroslavna Princess of Kyiv on 19 May 1051 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Anna (daughter of Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kyiv Yaroslav I "The Wise" Wladimirowwitsch Grand Prince of Kyiv and Ingegarda Olafsdottir, Princess of Sweden) was born in 1036 in Kyiv, Ukraine; died on 5 Sep 1075 in La Ferté-Alais, Essonne, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Villiers Abbey, La Ferte-Alais, l'Essonne, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Lens Lambert II von Boulogne. Lambert died in 1054. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnel especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

William married of Flanders Matilda in 1053 in Cathedral of Notre Dame d'Eu, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Baldwin V "The Pious", Count of Flanders and Adèle Capet, Princess of France) was born on 24 Nov 1031 in Flanders, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; was buried in Holy Trinity Abbey, Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alix married Ranulf "The Rich" de Briquessart, Vicomte De Bessin on 1 May 1045 in Bayeux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. Ranulf (son of Ancitel de Bayeux, Viscount of Bessin and Poppa de Senlis) was born on 17 Jan 1021 in Bayeux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 21 May 1089 in Bayeux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Stephanie de Longwy before 1060 in Bourgogne, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Stephanie (daughter of Adalbert de Longwy and Clemence de Foix) was born in 1035 in Longwy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, France; died on 19 Oct 1092 in Besançon, Doubs, Franche-Comte, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ada de Hugleville. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Odo married of Normandy Adeliza about 1056 in of Normandy, France. Adeliza was born about 1026 in Falaise, Calvados, France; died before 1090. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1030, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England

Notes:

also Sheriff of Devon

Family/Spouse: Rohese Giffard. Rohese (daughter of Count of Longueville Walter Giffard and Ermentrude (Ermengarde) Fleitel) was born about 1035 in Longueville, Normandy, France; died after 1133. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Baldwin de Brionis, who, for the distinguished part he had in the Conquest, obtained from King William the Barony of Okehampton, the custody of the co. of Devon, and the government of the castle of Exeter in fee. He m. Albreda, dau. of Richard, surnamed Gos, Count of Avranche, and had, with other issue,
I. Richard, surnamed de Redvers.
II. Robert, governor of Brione.
I. Emma, m. 1st to William Avenal, and 2ndly, to William de Abrincis.

[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p. 140, Courtenay, Barons Courtenay, Earls of Devon]

Family/Spouse: Albreda d'Avranches. Albreda was born about 1020 in Avranches, Normandy, France; died in Okehampton, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Emma. Emma was born about 1030 in Brionne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Esilia married William Malet about 1041 in Normandy, France. William (son of Earl of Mercia III Ælfgar and Alversa Malet) was born in 1014 in Graville, Normandy, France; died about 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gilbert married Eva de Montfort in 1074 in France. Eva (daughter of Amaury de Montfort, Lord of Montfort I and Bertrade de Gometz) was born in 1045 in Isle, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died after 1086 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: de Plessis. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eleanor de Crispin. Eleanor (daughter of Gilbert de Crispin and Eva de Montfort) was born in 1070 in Runcorn, Cheshire, England; died after 1114 in Somme, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

I married Gerberge de Terrasson about 1076 in France. Gerberge (daughter of Pierre de Terrasson) was born about 1055 in Terrasson, France; died in 1103. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Agnes d'Evereaux

Agnès married Simon de Montfort, Seigneur de Montfort in 1058 in Normandy, France. Simon (son of Amaury de Montfort, Lord of Montfort I and Bertrade de Gometz) was born about 1025 in Montfort-l'Amaury, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; died on 25 Sep 1087 in St Thomas, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Épernon, Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Longueville Walter Giffard. Walter (son of Lord of Longueville Osbern II de Bolbec and Avelina de Crepon) was born about 1010 in Longueville, Normandy, France; died in 1084 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Getha Clopa about 1055. Getha was born about 1040 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Gytha FitzOsgood about 1038. Gytha (daughter of Osgood Clapa) was born in 1025 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Assisted Philip I of France against William the Conqueror. He erected the Palace of Poictou, and, after conferring large donations on the Church, died.

The dates and name are unclear. Some label him as William VII.

William married Philippa de Toulouse in 1094 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France. Philippa (daughter of William, Count of Toulouse Margrave of Provence and Duke of Narbonne IV and Emma de Mortain) was born on 22 Oct 1073 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comte, France; died on 28 Nov 1118 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Ermengard d'Anjou in 1088. Ermengard (daughter of Fulk IV "The Rude" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou and Hildegard de Beaugency) was born on 18 Mar 1066 in Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France; died on 1 Jun 1147 in Acquitaine, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married King of Leon and Castile Alfonso VI Fernandez in 1069. Alfonso died on 29 Jun 1109 in Toledo, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Clemence married Count of Luxembourg I Konrad about 1080 in France. I (son of Count of Luxembourg Giselbert) was born about 1019 in of Trier, Rheinland, Germany; died on 8 Aug 1086. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Clemence married Count of Guelders Gerald (Gerhard) (Gueldres) de Wasseberg, I about 1087 in France. Gerald (son of Count of Teiste Dirk Flamens and de Montaigu) was born about 1063 in Gueldres, Wassenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; died in 1134 in Zutphen, Gelderland, Netherlands. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

IV married Bertha de Savoy about 1072 in Schwaben, Germany. Bertha (daughter of Count of Maurienne and Chablais Oddon and of Torino Adelaide) was born on 21 Sep 1051 in Maurienne, France; died on 27 Dec 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 13 Oct 1093, Kassel, Stadt Kassel, Hessen, Germany

Robert married Gertrud Wettin in 1063 in Flanders, Belgium. Gertrud (daughter of Duke of Saxony II Bernard and Elika von Schweinfurt) was born in 1028 in Schwaben, Kelheim, Bayern, Germany; died on 4 Aug 1113 in Kassel, Kassel, Hesse, Germany; was buried in Veurne, Arrondissement Veurne, West Flanders, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Hainault 1051-1070.

Baldwin married Countess of Hainault and Namur Richilda in 1055 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. Richilda (daughter of Count of Mons Renier and Maud) was born in 1030 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; died on 18 Mar 1086 in Mechelen, Antwerpen, Belgium; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married William I "The Conqueror", King of England in 1053 in Cathedral of Notre Dame d'Eu, Normandy, France. William (son of 6th Duke of Normandy Robert I "The Magnificent", 5th Duke of Normandy and Officer of the Household Hariette de Falaise) was born on 14 Oct 1024 in Falaise, Normandy, France; died on 9 Sep 1087 in Priory of St. Gervais, Rouen, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married Duke of Bavaria IV Welf about 1071 in Bavaria. IV (son of Duke of Bavaria II Azo and Duchess of Bavaria Cunigunde) was born about 1040 in Bavaria; died on 6 Nov 1101. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hildegard married Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitiers William VIII (Guillaume) about 1069. William (son of Count of Aquitaine William VII "The Great" and Comtesse de Bourgogne Agnes de Macon) was born about 1026; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Chateau de Chize, Deux-Sevres, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Countess of Barcelona Sibylle in 1056 in Burgundy, France. Sibylle (daughter of de Barcelona Ramon Berenger and Guisle d'Ampurias) was born about 1032 in Barcelona, Spain; died in 1066. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Margaret about 1070 in Burgundy, France. Margaret was born about 1050. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married King of Castile and Leon Alfonso VI "The Brave" on 8 May 1081. Alfonso (son of King of Castile and Leon Ferdinand "The Great" and of León Sancha) was born in Jun 1040; died on 29 Jun 1109 in Toledo, Spain; was buried in Monastery of Sahegun. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Bertrade de Montfort in 1095. Bertrade (daughter of Simon de Montfort, Seigneur de Montfort and Agnès d'Évreux) was born in May 1059 in Montfort-l'Amaury, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1117 in Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Saint-Remy-l'Honore, des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Countess of Holland Bertha in 1072. Bertha (daughter of Count of Holland Floris, Count of Holland I and Gertrud Wettin) was born about 1054 in of Vlaardingen, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died on 30 Jul 1093 in Montreuil-sur-Lo, Maine-et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Adelaide de Vermandois in 1064 in France. Adelaide (daughter of Count of Vermandois Herbert IV de Vermandois and Adela de Valois) was born about 1048 in Valois, Isle de France, France; died on 23 Sep 1120 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland Waltheof Siwardsson in 1070 in Artois, France. Waltheof (son of Siward Bjornsson and III Æfleda) was born about 1025 in Huntington, Northumberland, England; died on 31 May 1076 in Beheaded at St. Giles Hill, Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Became a Nun at Cluniac Priory in widowhood.

Adela married Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" about 1081 in Chartres Cathedral, France. Stephen (son of Count of Blois and Champagne III Theobald and of Maine Garsende) was born about 1045 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France; died on 19 May 1102 in Ramula, Holy Land. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

CHAPTER II: THE FAMILY OF THE CONQUEROR
The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planché, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874........

I introduce here the few observations I have to make on the uncertain and disputed points in the history of William the Conqueror, his queen and family, to which I alluded at the commencement of the former chapter, in lieu of placing them as an appendix at the end of the volume, as they principally turn on questions of date, and those who care to discuss them would naturally desire to do so before passing to other subjects. The less curious reader can "skip and go on."

The first and most important date open to controversy is that of the birth of William-most important because it affects all the rest...

The latest investigators place it in 1027 or 1028, and one (Mons. Deville) endeavours to fix it exactly to the month of June or of July in the former year.

Were it a question of only a few weeks or a few months I should not have thought it necessary to moot it here; but it is one of years, and of much more consequence than it appears at first sight.

The calculations of the upholders of the dates 1027-28 are founded on:

1. The contract of marriage of Duke Richard II and Judith, the parents of Robert, said to be dated in 1008. According to this date, Robert being their second son, would hardly have been born before 1010, and could be only seventeen or eighteen at the birth of William, and consequently his passion for Herleve was that of a boy of sixteen or seventeen at the utmost.

2. A charter granted by Robert previous to his departure on pilgrimage to Jerusalem dated in the ides of January, 1035, and as it is agreed on all hands that William was between seven and eight years old when his father left Normandy, that would place his birth in 1027-28.

3. The cartulary recently discovered at Falaise recording William's birth and baptism therein 1027.

4. The statement of Guillaume de Jumièges that William was not quiteeeeee sixty at his death iiin 1087.

A sort of collateral substantiation of the date of the pilgrimage I find also in the story told by the author of the "Gesta Consulum Andegavensium," of the meeing of Duke Robert with Fulk Nera, Count of Anjou, at Constantinople in 1035, and their travelling thence to the Holy Land together, escorted by some merchants of Antioch, who had offered to be their guides. Robert becoming fatigued was carried in a litter by four Moors. A Norman pilgrim returning from Jerusalem, meeting his sovereign with this equipage, asked if he had any message to send to his friends. "Tell them," said the Duke, "that thou sawest me borne to Paradise by four devils." But it is to be observed that Fulk was also a pilgrim to the Holy Land in 1028, and that the compiler of "L'Art de Vérifierrr lesssss Dates" remarks that the work I have quoted "ne mérititite ppp papass beaucouppp de créance."""""""""

On the other hand we have also to consider the statement of William himself, who, according to Orderic, declared on his death-bed that he was sixty-four, which would make him born in 1023; that he was eight years old when his father went into what he calls voluntary exile, and that he had ruled the duchy fifty-six years, thus placing the death of Robert in 1031. That date is supported by the perfectly independent testimony of the Saxon Chronicle, which becomes more trustworthy in the eleventh century, wherein we read, "A 1031. . . . and Robert, Earl of Normandy, went to Jerusalem and there died, and William, who was afterwards king in England, succeeded to Normandy, though he was but a child." The words I have printed in italics, however, detract from the value of the evidence; as they must have been written at least thirty-five years after the event, and perhaps much later.

The Peterborough and Canterbury chronicles follow the Saxon, and Roger of Wendover and Matthew of Westminster are merely copyists of the earlier writers.

I have seen too many errors in the dates of charters and other MSS., arising from clerical or typographical carelessness, to pin my faith upon any copy, printed or other, even when the original document is undoubtedly genuine, and therefore hesitate to accept the date accorded to the contract of marriage of Richard and Judith, particularly as there are several obvious inaccuracies in the copy printed in Martene (Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum, vol. i.).

Judith was the only child of Conan le Tort, Count of Rennes, by his second wife Ermengarde, daughter of Geoffrey Grisegonelle, married according to the "Chroniques de Mont St. Michel" in 9 70. Conan was slain at the battle of Conquereux in 992. Now, if these dates can be at all relied on, what age was Judith likely to be in 1008, if not married till then? At what period of the two-and-twenty years of her parents' married life was she born? If in the ordinary course of nature, she must have been five- or six-and-thirty in 1008!

Judith died in 1017, the mother of five children: Richard, Robert, Guillaume, Alix (also called Judith), and Eleanore; and if only married in 1008 her eldest son Richard could scarcely have been born before 1009, and Robert, as already remarked, 1010. Whether Guillaume or Alix was their third child is uncertain, but before 1025 Alix was the wife of Renaud, son of Otto-Guillaume, Count of Burgundy, who, having fallen into the power of Hugues, Bishop of Auxerre and Count of Chalons, was strictly confined in prison by that prelate. Richard II, Duke of Normandy, thereupon sent his sons, Richard and Robert, with an army to relieve their brother-in-law, and Count Hugues was compelled to present himself with a saddle on his back (the usual custom at that period) and crave mercy at the hands of the sons of the Duke of Normandy.

Now, doubting that young warriors were mere boys of fifteen and sixteen years of age in 1025 (Richard, the eldest, dying in 1027, and leaving a natural son named Nicholas, who was Abbot of St. Ouen in 1042), I cannot bring myself to believe in the "extreme youth" of Robert, as pointed out by Mons. Deville, and without presuming to fix an exact date, believe that both Richard and Robert were nearly of full age at the death of their father, whether that event occurred in 1026 or 1027.

Leaving, therefore, the precise period of the birth of William the Conqueror still undecided, the weight of evidence inclining rather to 1027, let us hasten to the consideration of the equally vexed question concerning the number and ages of his family, consisting undoubtedly of four sons, and presumably of five or six daughters. [Freeman: Nor. Con., vol. v. [. 468, note4.]

Notwithstanding the various and conflicting dates suggested for the marriage of William and Matilda, ranging from 1047 to 1053, I think we may consider it sufficiently proved that it was solemnized at the close of 1053 or beginning of 1054, and that Robert, their first child, was born in the course of the latter year.

Their second child I take to have been Adeliza, eldest daughter, born apparently in 1055, being seven years old in 1062, when betrothed to Harold, and dead before 1066, as her decease was the undeniable answer of the Saxon king to one of William's charges of broken faith.

Cecilia must have been the third child, as she was clearly born in 1056, dedicated to the service of God by her father and mother at the consecration of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Caen, 18th June, 1066, was elected abbess on the death of Matilda, the first abbess, in 1112, and died on the 30th of July, 1125, in the seventieth year of her age.

The fourth child appears to have been Richard, born 1057-58, who, with his younger brother, William (fifth child), born 1060, witnessed the consecration of the Church of the Holy Trinity at Caen in 1066.

Richard was killed in the New Forest by accident during the reign of his father in England; and his brother William, surnamed Rufus, who succeeded the Conqueror as King of England, met his death, as is well known, A.D. 1100, in the same forest, doomed apparently to be fatal to the progeny of the heartless despot who had sacrificed to his passion for the chase the homes and hearths of thousands of his unfortunate subjects.

The sixth child I take to be Constance, born in 1061, married to Alain, Duke of Brittany, in 1086, and who died, poisoned by her own servants, according to some writers, on the 13th of August, 1094, at the early age of thirty-three.

Mrs. Green, notwithstanding she places her birth "most likely about 1057," subsequently tells us, upon the authority of no less than four chronicles, that she died in 1094 " when she had scarcely attained her thirty-third year." If the latter statement is to be depended upon, she must have been born in 1061, and the probabilities are all in favour of that date. Miss Strickland, by a curious inadvertency, makes Constance die some years before her mother, "after seven years' unfruitful marriage." The marriage having taken place three years after her mother's death!

The seventh child I believe to have been Adela, born circa 1062, married, at Chartres in 1080, to Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, and deceased in 1137, in tbe seventy-fourth year of her age.

Agatha, believed by Mrs. Green to be also Matilda, whose name appears in Domesday, the eighth and last child born in Normandy, circa 1064, was promised to Edwin, the Saxon Earl of Chester, in 1067, when only three years old, and after his death contracted to Alfonso 1, King of Castile and Galicia. She died on her journey to Spain, having, as the story goes, prayed she might not live to be married, and by unceasing genuflections caused a horny substance to form on her knees.

More incredible is the sentimental account of "blighted hopes" and "crushed affections" indulged in by Mrs. Green, as the child was but three years old when she first saw the "fair-haired Saxon," seven when her "lover" was murdered, and scarcely fifteen when she was contracted to Alfonso; for she must have been dead in 1080, as in that year the Castilian monarch married the daughter of the Duke of Burgundy.

This is of course according to my calculation, which I by no means presume to be irrefutable, and also applies solely to Agatha, leaving it to others to identify her with Matilda "filiae regis," whose chamberlain (Geoffrey) held lands in Hampshire of the King for service rendered to his said daughter. That there was a Matilda, daughter of King William, is undeniable, not only from the entry in Domesday, but from her being named with her sisters Adelaide and Constance in an encyclical letter to the nuns of the Holy Trinity at Caen in 1112. But as the survey was only begun in 1085, and completed in 1086, it will be difficult, I think, to prove that Agatha, who must have been dead in 1080, was the same daughter as Matilda, supposed to be living five or six years later.

Henry, afterwards King Henry 1, the youngest of the whole family, was the only child born in England, and the date of his birth is generally acknowledged to be 1068, his mother having come over from Normandy for her coronation in that year. Now let us see when it would be possible that a tenth child, if not a twin, could have been born to William by his duchess, and of sufficient age to have a chamberlain appointed to her before 1085.

Robert, born 1054.
Adeliza, born 1055; dead before 1066.
Cecilia, born 1058.
Richard, born 1057-58.
William, born 1060.
Constance, born 1061.
Adela, born 1062.
Agatha, born 1064; dead before 1080.
Henry, born 1068.

The ingenious theory that Matilda was no other than the mysterious Gundrada, the former name being simply a translation of the latter, is negatived by the fact that Gundrada died wife of William de Warren in 1085, while the survey was in the course of compilation. That one daughter should have been named after her mother is most natural. That the King had a daughter so named, and that she was apparently living in 1085, must be conceded; but that she was the same person as Agatha "the inexorable logic of facts" positively contradicts. There is just the possibility of its being Constance, who survived her mother, and was married to Alain, Duke of Brittany, as before stated, in 1086. She is said to have been the favourite daughter and companion of Queen Matilda, and for nearly six years the only princess at Court. At the period of her niother's death she would have been twenty-three, and previous to her marriage would no doubt have had a chamberlain and other officers appointed for her service. That she was ever called Matilda there is no evidence yet discovered; but there is no daughter of Matilda's more likely to have been so. But then we have to get over the awkward fact of Matilda and Constance being separately named in the encyclical letter of 1112. ["Matildem Anglorum reginam, nostri cnobii fondatricem, Adelidem, Mathildem Constantiam, filias ejus." Also in the Bouleau des Morts of the same Abbey we read: Ç "Orate pro nostria Mathilde Regina etttt Wiiiiillielmoooo ejus filio atque pro filiabus ejus Adelide, Mathilde, Constancia." -- Recherches sur le Domesday, p. 234.] Matilda is consequently, as Mr. Freeman truly describes her, "without a history." The vexed question of Gundrada will be discussed in the chapter comprising the biography of her husband, William, Earl of Warren and Surrey, and in connection with it the presumed widowhood of Matilda of Flanders, and her passion for Brihtric Meaw.

Robert married of Conversano Sybil in 1071/1104. Sybil was born in 1050/1070; died in 1071/1154. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother-Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne-to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent. In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy (Normandie), where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in 1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter.

Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress. After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Faret, Normandy, however, Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154.

"Henry I (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia copyright 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Henry I was born in the year 1068---a factor he himself regarded as highly significant, for he was the only son of the Conqueror born after the conquest of England, and to Henry this meant he was heir to the throne. He was not an attractive proposition: he was dissolute to a degree, producing at least a score of bastards; but far worse he was prone to sadistic cruelty---on one occasion, for example, personally punishing a rebellious burgher by throwing him from the walls of his town.

At the death of William the Conqueror, Henry was left no lands, merely 5,000 pounds of silver. With these he bought lands from his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, only to see them taken back again a few years later by Robert, in unholy alliance with his brother William Rufus.

Henry could do little to avenge such treatment, but in England he found numerous barons who were tired of the exactions and ambitions of their king. He formed alliances with some of these, notably with the important de Clare family. He and some of the de Clares were with William Rufus on his last hunting expedition, and it is thought that the king's death was the result of Henry's plotting.

Certainly he moved fast to take advantage of it; leaving Rufus's body unattended in the woods, he swooped down on Winchester to take control of the treasury. Two days later he was in Westminster, being crowned by the Bishop of London. His speed is understandable when one realizes that his elder brother, Robert [Curthose], was returning from the crusade, and claimed, with good reason, to be the true heir.

Henry showed great good sense in his first actions as King. He arrested Ranulph Flambard, William's tax-gatherer, and recalled Anselm, the exiled Archbishop. Furthermore, he issued a Charter of Liberties which promised speedy redress of grievances, and a return to the good government of the Conqueror. Putting aside for the moment his many mistresses, he married the sister of the King of Scots, who was descended from the royal line of Wessex; and lest the Norman barons should think him too pro-English in this action, he changed her name from Edith to Matilda. No one could claim that he did not aim to please.

In 1101 Robert Curthose invaded, but Henry met him at Alton, and persuaded him to go away again by promising him an annuity of 2000 pounds. He had no intention of keeping up the payments, but the problem was temporarily solved.

He now felt strong enough to move against dissident barons who might give trouble in the future. Chief amongst these was the vicious Robert of Belleme, Earl of Shrewsbury, whom Henry had known for many years as a dangerous troublemaker. He set up a number of charges against him in the king's court, making it plain that if he appeared for trial he would be convicted and imprisoned. Thus Robert and his colleagues were forced into rebellion at a time not of their own choosing, were easily defeated and sent scuttling back to Normandy.

In Normandy Robert Curthose began to wreak his wrath on all connected with his brother, thus giving Henry an excellent chance to retaliate with charges of misgovernment and invade. He made two expeditions in 1104-5, before the great expedition of 1106 on which Robert was defeated at the hour-long battle of Tinchebrai, on the anniversary of Hastings. No one had expected such an easy victory, but Henry took advantage of the state of shock resulting from the battle to annex Normandy. Robert was imprisoned (in some comfort, it be said); he lived on for 28 more years, ending up in Cardiff castle whiling away the long hours learning Welsh. His son William Clito remained a free agent, to plague Henry for most of the rest of his reign.

In England the struggle with Anselm over the homage of bishops ran its course until the settlement of 1107. In matters of secular government life was more simple: Henry had found a brilliant administrator, Roger of Salisbury, to act as Justiciar for him. Roger had an inventive mind, a keen grasp of affairs, and the ability to single out young men of promise. He quickly built up a highly efficient team of administrators, and established new routines and forms of organization within which they could work. To him we owe the Exchequer and its recording system of the Pipe Rolls, the circuits of royal justiciars spreading the king's peace, and the attempts at codification of law. Henry's good relationships with his barons, and with the burgeoning new towns owed much to skilful administration. Certainly he was able to gain a larger and more reliable revenue this way than by the crude extortion his brother had used.

In 1120 came the tragedy of the White Ship. The court was returning to England, and the finest ship in the land was filled with its young men, including Henry's son and heir William. Riotously drunk, they tried to go faster and faster, when suddenly the ship foundered. All hands except a butcher of Rouen were lost, and England was without an heir.

Henry's only legitimate child was Matilda, but she was married to the Emperor Henry V of Germany, and so could not succeed. But in 1125 her husband died, and Henry brought her home and forced the barons to swear fealty to her---though they did not like the prospect of a woman ruler. Henry then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, the Normans' traditional enemy, and the barons were less happy---especially when the newly-weds had a terrible row, and Geoffrey ordered her out of his lands. In 1131 Henry, absolutely determined, forced the barons to swear fealty once more, and the fact that they did so is testimony of his controlling power. Matilda and Geoffrey were reunited, and in 1133 she produced a son whom she named for his grandfather. If only Henry could live on until his grandson was old enough to rule, all would be well.

But in 1135, against doctor's orders, he ate a hearty meal of lampreys, got acute indigestion, which turned into fever, and died. He was buried at his abbey in Reading---some said in a silver coffin, for which there was an unsuccessful search at the Dissolution. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry I was born in the year 1068---a factor he himself regarded as highly significant, for he was the only son of the Conqueror born after the conquest of England, and to Henry this meant he was heir to the throne. He was not an attractive proposition: he was dissolute to a degree, producing at least a score of bastards; but far worse he was prone to sadistic cruelty---on one occasion, for example, personally punishing a rebellious burgher by throwing him from the walls of his town.

At the death of William the Conqueror, Henry was left no lands, merely 5,000 pounds of silver. With these he bought lands from his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, only to see them taken back again a few years later by Robert, in unholy alliance with his brother William Rufus.

Henry could do little to avenge such treatment, but in England he found numerous barons who were tired of the exactions and ambitions of their king. He formed alliances with some of these, notably with the important de Clare family. He and some of the de Clares were with William Rufus on his last hunting expedition, and it is thought that the king's death was the result of Henry's plotting.

Certainly he moved fast to take advantage of it; leaving Rufus's body unattended in the woods, he swooped down on Winchester to take control of the treasury. Two days later he was in Westminster, being crowned by the Bishop of London. His speed is understandable when one realizes that his elder brother, Robert [Curthose], was returning from the crusade, and claimed, with good reason, to be the true heir.

Henry showed great good sense in his first actions as King. He arrested Ranulph Flambard, William's tax-gatherer, and recalled Anselm, the exiled Archbishop. Furthermore, he issued a Charter of Liberties which promised speedy redress of grievances, and a return to the good government of the Conqueror. Putting aside for the moment his many mistresses, he married the sister of the King of Scots, who was descended from the royal line of Wessex; and lest the Norman barons should think him too pro-English in this action, he changed her name from Edith to Matilda. No one could claim that he did not aim to please.

In 1101 Robert Curthose invaded, but Henry met him at Alton, and persuaded him to go away again by promising him an annuity of 2,000 pounds. He had no intention of keeping up the payments, but the problem was temporarily solved.

He now felt strong enough to move against dissident barons who might give trouble in the future. Chief amongst these was the vicious Robert of BellÃssme, Earl of Shrewsbury, whom Henry hhhhhad known for manyy yearrssss asss aaa dangerous troublemaker. He set up a number of charges against him in the king's court, making it plain that if he appeared for trial he would be convicted and imprisoned. Thus Robert and his colleagues were forced into rebellion at a time not of their own choosing, were easily defeated and sent scuttling back to Normandy.

In Normandy Robert Curthose began to wreak his wrath on all connected with his brother, thus giving Henry an excellent chance to retaliate with charges of misgovernment and invade. He made two expeditions in 1104-5, before the great expedition of 1106 on which Robert was defeated at the hour-long battle of Tinchebrai, on the anniversary of Hastings. No one had expected such an easy victory, but Henry took advantage of the state of shock resulting from the battle to annex Normandy. Robert was imprisoned (in some comfort, it be said); he lived on for 28 more years, ending up in Cardiff castle whiling away the long hours learning Welsh. His son William Clito remained a free agent, to plague Henry for most of the rest of his reign.

In England the struggle with Anselm over the homage of bishops ran its course until the settlement of 1107. In matters of secular government life was more simple: Henry had found a brilliant administrator, Roger of Salisbury, to act as Justiciar for him. Roger had an inventive mind, a keen grasp of affairs, and the ability to single out young men of promise. He quickly built up a highly efficient team of administrators, and established new routines and forms of organization within which they could work. To him we owe the Exchequer and its recording system of the Pipe Rolls, the circuits of royal justiciars spreading the king's peace, and the attempts at codification of law. Henry's good relationships with his barons, and with the burgeoning new towns owed much to skilful administration. Certainly he was able to gain a larger and more reliable revenue this way than by the crude extortion his brother had used.

In 1120 came the tragedy of the White Ship. The court was returning to England, and the finest ship in the land was filled with its young men, including Henry's son and heir William. Riotously drunk, they tried to go faster and faster, when suddenly the ship foundered. All hands except a butcher of Rouen were lost, and England was without an heir.

Henry's only legitimate child was Matilda, but she was married to the Emperor Henry V of Germany, and so could not succeed. But in 1125 her husband died, and Henry brought her home and forced the barons to swear fealty to her---though they did not like the prospect of a woman ruler. Henry then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, the Normans' traditional enemy, and the barons were less happy---especially when the newly-weds had a terrible row, and Geoffrey ordered her out of his lands. In 1131 Henry, absolutely determined, forced the barons to swear fealty once more, and the fact that they did so is testimony of his controlling power. Matilda and Geoffrey were reunited, and in 1133 she produced a son whom she named for his grandfather. If only Henry could live on until his grandson was old enough to rule, all would be well.

But in 1135, against doctor's orders, he ate a hearty meal of lampreys, got acute indigestion, which turned into fever, and died. He was buried at his abbey in Reading---some said in a silver coffin, for which there was an unsuccessful search at the Dissolution. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry married Adeliza de Leuven on 2 Feb 1121 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. Adeliza (daughter of Count of Leuven and Brussels, Landgraves of Brabant Godfrey de Leuven, Duke of Lorraine I and of Chiny Ida) was born about 1094 in Affligem, Flemish Brabant, Belgium; died on 23 Apr 1151 in Affligem, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Ansfride about 1089. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Nest verch Rhys about 1090. Nest (daughter of King of Deheubarth Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr and Gwladus verch Rhiwallon) was born about 1073 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Caemarvonshire, Wales; died about 1163. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Sibyl Corbet about 1089. Sibyl (daughter of Burgess of Caen Robert Corbet) was born about 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, England; died after 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont about 1119. Isabel (daughter of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1098 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England; died on 6 Jan 1147 in Tunbridge, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Edith FitzForne about 1089. Edith (daughter of 1st Lord of Greystoke Forne FitzSigulf) was born about 1072 in Greystoke, Cumberland, England; died in 1152 in Oseney Abby, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Princess of Scotland Matilda (Edith) mac Maíl Coluim on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Matilda (daughter of King of Scots Malcolm III "Canmore" mac Dhonnchaidh and Margaret "of Scotland" Ætheling) was born about 1080 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

It was thought that Matilda (Gundred) married William de Warren, 1st Earl of Surrey. That has since been disproved. For details see "Early
Yorkshire Charters" by C. T. Clay or "tudes sur Quelques Points de
l'Histoire de Guillame le Conqurant" by H. Prentout described under
Surrey in "The Complete Peerage" by G.E. Gibbs.

Ranulf married Margaret d'Avranches about 1069 in Normandy, France. Margaret (daughter of Viscount of Avranches Richard le Goz and Emma de Conteville) was born about 1054 in Avranches, Normandy, France; died in 1136 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Robert de Grandmesnil in 1075 in Grandmesnil, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. Robert (son of Sheriff of Leicester Hugh I de Grandmesnil and Adeliza (Aelis) (Alice) de Beaumont) was born about 1062 in Grandmesnil, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 1 Jun 1136 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The sources conflict on who was Gisele's father. Some show Otto William of Burgundy, grandson of Gerbega; another shows William I of Burgundy. I have picked the Stammtafeln version.

Gisela married Count of Maurienne and Savoy, Marquis of Turin Humbert II de Maurienne in 1090 in Savoy, France. Humbert (son of Count of Savoy Amadeus (Amadeo) de Maurienne, II and Joan de Geneva) was born about 1062 in of Savoie, France; died on 17 Oct 1103; was buried on 19 Oct 1103. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gisela married Marquess of Montferrat Renier in 1105 in Bourgogne, Marne, France. Renier was born about 1084 in of Bourgogne, France; died in May 1135. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Burgundy Eudes I "The Red" Borel de Bourgogne in 1077/1098 in Burgundy, France. Eudes (son of Duke of Burgundy Henry Capet and Countess of Barcelona Sibylle) was born in 1058 in Burgandy, France; died on 23 Mar 1103 in Tarsus, Cilicia, Asia Minor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Murdered

Stephen married of Lorraine Beatrix about 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sibylla married Duke of Burgundy Eudes I "The Red" Borel de Bourgogne in 1080. Eudes (son of Duke of Burgundy Henry Capet and Countess of Barcelona Sibylle) was born in 1058 in Burgandy, France; died on 23 Mar 1103 in Tarsus, Cilicia, Asia Minor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Raymond married Countess of Castile Urraca in 1087 in Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Urraca (daughter of King of Castile and Leon Alfonso VI "The Brave" and of Burgundy Constance Capet) was born in Apr 1079 in Castile, Leon, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 8 Mar 1126 in Saldaña, Palencia, Castilla-Leon, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ermentrude married Duke of Alsace-Lorraine II Thierry about 1089. II (son of Count of Alsace-Lorraine Gerard, Count of Metz and Chatenois Duke of Lorraine I and of Namur Hedwig) was born about 1044 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France; died on 23 Jan 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Ida Clementia
• Death: 1133, Nottinghamshire, England

Ida married Robert, Count of Flanders II in 1096 in Flanders, Belgium, Netherlands. Robert (son of Robert, Count of Flanders and Artois I and Gertrud Wettin) was born in 1065 in Ghent, Flanders, Belgium; died on 5 Oct 1111 in Brie, Meaux, Seine-et-Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Adelaide de Crecy. Adelaide was born in 1026 in Corbeil, Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Walter married Elizabeth about 1064 in of Isleworth, Middlesex, England. Elizabeth was born about 1040 in of Isleworth, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hawise de Mortimer. Hawise (daughter of Ralph de Mortimer and Millicent de Ferrers) was born about 1073. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rohese married Eudo de Rie about 1088. Eudo (son of Baron de Rie Hubert de St Clair and Albreda De Preaux) was born in 1047 in Ryes near Bayeux, Calvados, Normandy, France; died after 12 Jul 1080 in Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Heir in England; granted Cardigan in Wales.

Lord of Tunbridge, founded Priory of Clare, Lord of Cardigan

Gilbert de Tonebruge, who resided at Tonebruge and inherited all his father's lands in England, joined in the rebellion of Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, but observing the king (William Rufus) upon the point of falling into an ambuscade, he relented, sought pardon, and saved his royal master. We find him subsequently, however, again in rebellion in the same reign and fortifying and losing his castle at Tunbridge. Hem. In 1113, Adeliza, dau. of the Earl of Cleremont, and had issue, Richard, his successor, Gilbert, Walter, Hervey, and Baldwin. Gilbert de Tonebruge, who was a munificent benefactor to the church, was s. by his eldest son, Richard de Clare. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p. 119, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]

Gilbert m. Adeliza, dau, of the Earl of Claremont, and was father of Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford, and Gilbert de Clare, created Earl of Pembroke. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 230, Giffard, Earls of Buckingham]

Gilbert married Adeliza (Alice) de Clermont about 1086. Adeliza (daughter of Count of Clermont Hugh de Clermont and Margaret de Roucy) was born about 1072 in Clermont, Beauvais, Oise, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emma married William d'Avranches, Baron of Okehampton in 1065 in Avranches, Manche, Basse-Normandie, France. William (son of Guillaume d'Avranches and Beatrice de Buillt) was born in 1037 in Avranches, Manche, Basse-Normandie, France; died in 1087 in Okehampton, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Guillaume d'Arques. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrice married Sheriff of Lincoln Thorold de Taillebois about 1065 in of Lincolnshire, England. Thorold was born about 1040 in of Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Wolfric de Hatton, 1st Baron Hatton of Runcorn. Wolfric (son of Ivo, Vicomte de Cotentin and Emma) was born in 1055 in Cotentin, Manche, Basse-Normandie, France; died in 1100 in Runcorn, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Roger married Amice de Montbrey in 1040 in Aubigny, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Duke of Burgundy Hugh II "the Peaceful" in 1103/1135 in Bourgogne, Marne, France. Hugh (son of Duke of Burgundy Eudes I "The Red" Borel de Bourgogne and of Burgundy Matilda) was born about 1088 in Burgundy, France; died in 1142. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Bertrade married King of France Philip I "The Fair" Capet in 1095. Philip (son of Henry Capet, King of France I and Anna Agnesa Yaroslavna Princess of Kyiv) was born on 23 May 1052 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died on 29 Jul 1108 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in St-Benoit-sur-Lo, Loiret, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Bertrade married Fulk IV "The Rude" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou about 1077. Fulk (son of Count of the Gatinais Aubri Geoffrey, Cunt of the Gatinals and Ermengarde Blanche d'Anjou) was born on 30 Apr 1043 in Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France; died on 14 Apr 1109 in Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France; was buried in Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Amauri IV de Montfort

Notes:

Amauri joined with King William II Rufus in his attacks against the Castles at Montfort and Epernon, which were defended by Armuari's brother, Simon II. Amauri became the Baron of Montfort after his brother, Simon, died in 1103. Amauri obtained more land by seizing Evreaux after King Henry I denied it to him.

He continued his quarrel with Henry by joining forces against him along with his future son-in-law, Waleran II, the County of Meulan. A year later, in 1124, Amuari was captured at the battle of Bourgtheroulde by William de Grandcourt. William could not make himself hand over his prisoner to the king, so Amauri and William were both exiled, but they later made peace with the king.

Amaury married Richilde de Hainaut about 1097. Richilde (daughter of Count of Hainault II Baldwin and Ida de Leuven) died after 1118. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amaury married Countess de Rochefort Agnes de Garlende in 1120 in Garlende, France. Agnes (daughter of Anselm de Garlende and de Montlhery) was born about 1090 in Garlende, France; died in 1181. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard FitzGilbert de Clare. Richard (son of Gilbert de Clare, Count of Brionne and Gunnora d'Anjou) was born on 10 Aug 1030 in Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonnière, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 14 Nov 1090 in St. Neots, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried in St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Harold married Margaret d'Avranches about 1084. Margaret (daughter of Viscount of Avranches Richard le Goz and Emma de Conteville) was born about 1054 in Avranches, Normandy, France; died in 1136 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Emma FitzOsbern. Emma (daughter of Earl of Hereford William FitzOsbern and Adeliza (Adelina) de Toeni) was born about 1059 in Breteuil, France; died after 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Burke says he died in 1156. Some call him William VIII.

William married Eleanor Chatellerault de Rochefoucald in 1112/1134. Eleanor was born in 1103; died after 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 8 Mar 1159; Abbey of Fontevraud, Aquitaine, France

Notes:

Died:
Abbey of Fontevraud, Aquitaine, France

Agnes married King of Aragon Ramiro "The Monk", II in 1134 in Spain. Ramiro (son of King of Aragon and Navarre Sancho Ramirez Aragon and Felicia de Roucy) was born on 24 Apr 1075 in Huesca, Huesca, Aragon, Spain; died on 16 Aug 1157 in San Pedro Monastery, Jaca, Huesca, Aragon, Spain; was buried in Huesca, Provincia de Huesca, Aragon, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Teresa married Count of Portugal Henry de Bourgogne before 24 Aug 1092. Henry (son of Duke of Burgundy Henry Capet and Countess of Barcelona Sibylle) was born about 1066 in Dijon, France; died on 1 Nov 1112 in Astorga, Galicia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ermisende married Count of Namur I Godfrey about 1110 in Belgium. I (son of Count of Namur III Albert and Ida Billung) was born in 1073 in Namur, Namur, Belgium; died on 19 Aug 1139 in Florette, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ermisende married Albrecht I (Sultzbach) Dagsburg about 1097 in of Luxembourg. Albrecht was born about 1054 in of Eguisheim, Haut-Rhin, France; died on 24 Aug 1098. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Yolande married Baldwin, Count of Hainaut III in 1107. Baldwin (son of Baldwin, Count of Hainaut II and Alix (Ida) de Louvain) was born in 1088 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; died on 17 Jun 1120 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; was buried in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Yolande married Godefroi de Ribemont after 1120. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Margrave of Austria III Leopold about 1106 in Germany, Klosterneuburg, Niederoesterreic, Austria. III was born in 1073 in of Klosterneuburg, Niederosterreich, Austria; died on 15 Nov 1136; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Duke of Swabia Frederick I von Büren about 1089 in Hohenstauffen, Germany. Frederick (son of Frederick von Büren and Hildegarde von Swabia) was born about 1050 in Hohenstauffen, Germany; died on 21 Apr 1105. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

V married Princess of England Matilda Normandy on 7 Jan 1113 in Mainz, Germany. Matilda (daughter of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Princess of Scotland Matilda (Edith) mac Maíl Coluim) was born on 5 Aug 1102 in London, Middlesex, England; died on 10 Sep 1167; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gertrude married Duke of Alsace-Lorraine II Thierry in 1095 in Alsace, France. II (son of Count of Alsace-Lorraine Gerard, Count of Metz and Chatenois Duke of Lorraine I and of Namur Hedwig) was born about 1044 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France; died on 23 Jan 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Leuven Henry III de Leuven. Henry (son of Count of Leuven Henry de Leuven, Count of Lorraine II and Adele, Countess Beteau) died in 1095 in Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Drowned in Marne River

Robert married Ida De Namur in 1096 in Flanders, Belgium, Netherlands. Ida (daughter of William I "The Great", Count of Burgundy and Macon and Stephanie de Longwy) was born in 1073 in Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died on 22 Nov 1117 in Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Baldwin married Alix (Ida) de Louvain in 1084. Alix (daughter of Count of Lorraine II Henri and Countess of Beteau Adele (Alix)) was born in Mar 1062 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium; died in Apr 1139 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; was buried in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

I married Wulfhilda von Saxony about 1099 in Germany. Wulfhilda (daughter of Duke of Saxony Magnus and Princess of Hungary Sophia (Zsofia)) was born about 1075 in Saxony, Germany; died on 29 Dec 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Assisted Philip I of France against William the Conqueror. He erected the Palace of Poictou, and, after conferring large donations on the Church, died.

The dates and name are unclear. Some label him as William VII.

William married Philippa de Toulouse in 1094 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France. Philippa (daughter of William, Count of Toulouse Margrave of Provence and Duke of Narbonne IV and Emma de Mortain) was born on 22 Oct 1073 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comte, France; died on 28 Nov 1118 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Ermengard d'Anjou in 1088. Ermengard (daughter of Fulk IV "The Rude" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou and Hildegard de Beaugency) was born on 18 Mar 1066 in Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France; died on 1 Jun 1147 in Acquitaine, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eudes married Sibylla Burgundy in 1080. Sibylla (daughter of William I "The Great", Count of Burgundy and Macon and Stephanie de Longwy) was born in 1065 in Bourgogne, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died on 23 Mar 1102 in Brosse, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eudes married of Burgundy Matilda in 1077/1098 in Burgundy, France. Matilda (daughter of William I "The Great", Count of Burgundy and Macon and Stephanie de Longwy) was born in 1065 in Dijon, Cote d'Or, Bourgogne, France; died on 23 Mar 1103 in Dijon, Cote d'Or, Bourgogne, France,. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married of Castile, Queen of Portugal Teresa before 24 Aug 1092. Teresa (daughter of King of Leon and Castile Alfonso VI Fernandez and Agnes de Blois) was born in 1070; died on 1 Nov 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Urraca married Count, Dominus, Prince, Emperor and Consul of Galicia Raymond Burgandy in 1087 in Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Raymond (son of William I "The Great", Count of Burgundy and Macon and Stephanie de Longwy) was born about 1065 in Dijon, Cote d'Or, Bourgogne, France; died on 24 May 1107 in Grajal de Campos, Leon, Castilla-Leon, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married of Rochefort Lucienne in 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Countess of Savoy Adélaïde de Maurienne on 3 Aug 1115 in Paris, Seine, France. Adélaïde (daughter of Count of Maurienne and Savoy, Marquis of Turin Humbert II de Maurienne and Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea Gisela Burgundy) was born about 1092 in Savoy, France; died on 18 Nov 1154 in Montmartre Abbey, Paris, France; was buried in Montmartre Abbey, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Count of Blois Hugo (Hugh), I in 1104. Hugo (son of Count of Blois and Champagne III Theobald and of Maine Garsende) was born about 1048 in Blois, France; died in 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I in 1096. Robert (son of Lord of Beaumont-le-Roger and Pont-Audemer, Viscount of Hiesmes Roger de Beaumont and Adeline de Meulan) was born in 1046 in Beaumont-le-Roger, Eure, Normandy, France; died on 5 Jun 1118 in Préaux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne in 1118 in Pays du Valois, Bretagne, France. William (son of 1st Earl of Surrey William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey and Princess of England Gundred) was born on 24 Jun 1085 in Surrey, England; died on 11 May 1138 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Priory of Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Montfort Ralph de Gael. Ralph (son of Earl of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridge Ralph de Gael and Emma FitzOsbern) was born in 1078 in Montford de Gael, Brittany, France; died in Montford de Gael, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Raoul de Beaugency about 1111 in Beaugency, Loiret, France. Raoul was born about 1082 in of Beaugency, Loiret, France; died in 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eléonore de Blois. Eléonore (daughter of Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" and Adela (Adelle)) was born in 1104; died in 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: of Flanders Laurette. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Maud, m. 1st, to Simon de St. Liz, and 2ndly, to David, brother of Alexander, King of Scotland. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 467, St. Liz, Earls of Huntingdon]

Maud married King of Scotland David I "The Saint" mac Maíl Coluim in 1113. David (son of King of Scots Malcolm III "Canmore" mac Dhonnchaidh and Margaret "of Scotland" Ætheling) was born about 1083/1085 in Scotland; died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle, Cumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Simon de Senlis, 1st Earl of Northampton and 2nd Earl of Huntingdon I in 1090 in Huntington Castle,, Huntingdonshire, England. Simon (son of Laudry de Senlis and Ermengarde) was born about 1046 in Bayeux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died in 1109 in Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire, Nievre, Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Lord Flamstead Raoul de Toeni, Seigneur de Conches-en-Ouche III in 1103 in England. Raoul (son of Raoul de Toeni, Seigneur de Conches-en-Ouche II and Dame Nogent-le-Roy Isabel de Montfort) was born about 1081 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died about 1126 in Conches, Sein-et-Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Thibaud IV
• Birth: Abt 1088, of Blois, Loir-et-cher, France
• Death: 8 Jan 1152

Theobald married Princess of Carinthia Mathilde von Sponheim in 1123 in Blois, Loir-et-cher, France. Mathilde (daughter of Duke of Carinthia, Margrave of Istre II Engelbert and Utha von Passau) was born in 1097 in Karnten, Austria; died on 13 Dec 1160 in Fontrevault, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Earl of Chester Richard d'Avranches. Richard (son of Earl of Chester Hugh "Lupus" d'Avranches and Countess Of Chester Ermentrude de Clermont) was born about 1094; died on 25 Nov 1120 in Drowned in wreck of the White Ship near Barfleur, Manche, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Vermandois Raoul I de Vermandois. Raoul (son of Hugh "The Great" Capet, Duke of France and Burgundy and Adelaide de Vermandois) was born in 1085; died on 14 Oct 1152. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01397

Reigned 1135-1154. He seized the throne from Matilda who invaded England in 1139. The civil war that followed proved him a brave soldier but revealed his lack of political sense. In 1152, after much of the country had been ravaged in factional fighting and the royal administration had broken down, Stephen recognized Matilda's son Henry as heir to the throne. Duke of Normandy 1135-1144, deposed. Duke of Blois, Count of Mortain, Count of Boulogne.

Stephen married Countess of Boulogne Matilda de Talvas in 1125 in Westminster, London, England. Matilda (daughter of Count of Boulogne and Lens Eustace III de Talvas and Princess of Scotland Mary mac Maíl Coluim) was born about 1105 in Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 3 May 1152 in Hedingham Castle, Essex, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Agnes de Sully. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planché, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874........

Son of Etienne II, Comte de Champagne and Brie, by Adele, supposed to have been a daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, but by which of his wives or mistresses has not been ascertained. Now if such were the fact, Odo was the nephew of Duke Robert, the father of the Conqueror, and consequently first cousin of the latter and of his sister Adelaide or Adeliza, as far as blood was concerned. A marriage with her, therefore, would have been within the prohibited degrees so rigidly construed by the Church of Rome. William of Jumiegrave;ges, who styles him Count of Champagne, says he was nearly allied to King William by consanguinity, being grandson of Maud, daughter to Richard I, Duke of Normandy, wife of Odo, Earl of Blois and Chartres. This assertion is still more unfortunate, for Maud died childless, and Etienne, the father of our Odo, was the son of the Count of Blois' second wife Ermengarde, daughter of Robert I, Count of Auvergne, whom he married in 1020. I therefore deny the maternal descent of Odo from any near relation of William, Duke of Normandy, of whom he has been set down as a kinsman on the above authority only.

Dugdale, who appears to have been perfectly bewildered respecting him, has printed in his Monasticon two accounts, one from the Book of Meaux, an abbey in Holderness, and the other from the Register of Fountains Abbey, which is nearly verbatim, but in one or two instances more explicit.

The story as told in them is as follows: Odo having killed a magnate of his own country, took refuge in the dominions of his kinsman, William, Duke of Normandy, who gave him, through the intercession of the Archbishop of Rouen, his sister for wife, and subsequently bestowed upon him the island (according to the Book of Meaux), the county (according to the Register of Fountains), of Holderness. To the same Archbishop, not named, he is said to have been indebted for the grant of the county "comitatum" (the Register of Fountains reads "civitatem") of Albemarle on condition that he should attend the primate in any expedition with ten knights, and bear his standard before him.

The author of L'Art de Vérifier les Dates, and Père Anselm follow this s s s s s s s s s account, b bubut spepecicify the Archbishop as Jean de Bayeux, who entertained a great friendship for Odo, and, with the consent of the Chapter, bestowed upon him the lands of Aumale on the above-named condition.

Now let us see what light the crucial test of dates flings upon these statements. Etienne, the father of Odo, could not have been born earlier than 1021, and would have been about sixteen or seventeen when he succeeded his father in 1037 as Comte de Champagne and Brie. Allowing that he married before he was of full age, say 1040, Odo must have been a mere child at his death in 1047/8, when he was immediately dispossessed of his inheritance by his uncle, Thibaut III, legally, it would appear, according to the law at that period, which, if the heir to the lordship was not of sufficient age to receive investiture by the ceremony of girding with the sword, authorized the nearest in blood of full age to claim the succession. Sharp practice, it may be said, but still the law, and one, it may be worth remarking, which would justify the rebellions against William in the first years of his rule had he even been legitimate.

At what time Odo took refuge in the Court of William, Duke of Normandy, is not stated, but he must have been a most precocious young swashbuckler if he killed "a magnate of his own country" before he entered his teens, and the loss of his estates would have been quite sufficient to have caused him at a later period to seek his fortune elsewhere, without having killed anyone fairly or foully.

At the time of the invasion of England Odo would have been about five-and-twenty, and what more likely than, having nothing to lose and everything to gain, he should eagerly have volunteered his services to William? But if we are to believe that Odo was indebted to Jean de Bayeux for the hand of his wife and the lands of Aumale, how could he be the "Sire d'Aubemare" who fought at Senlac in 1066, when the said Jean de Bayeux was not elevated to the primacy till after the death of Archbishop Maurilius in 1067?

The labours of Mr. Stapleton before alluded to, and those of the authors of Recherches sur le Domesday, enable us to solve the riddle in the most satisfactory manner. The old Norman Chroniclers state clearly enough that Odo de Champagne was the husband of the Conqueror's sister, though differing as to the fact of her being of the whole or the half blood, but not one of them had the kindness to inform us, if they knew, that the lady had been twice previously married, and had left issue by each husband.

The facts of the case, which have been elicited from the records of the Church of St. Martin d'Auchi (de Alceio), commonly called of Aumale, from its vicinity to the town of that name, are as follows: In or about the year 1000 a castle was built on the river Eu, now known as the Bresle, at the point where it divides the provinces of Normandy and Picardy, by a certain Guerinfroi (Guerinfrides), who also, in 1027, founded in its neighbourhood the Abbey of St. Martin d'Auchi. This Guerinfroi, who was Sire d'Aumale (not Count, as he has been incorrectly called), had an only daughter named Berta, who became the wife of Hugh II, Comte de Ponthieu, and mother by him of Enguerrand, or Ingleram, Sire d'Aumale in right of his mother, who married Adelaide, sister of the Conqueror, and was killed in an ambush at St. Aubin, near Arques, in 1053, leaving an only daughter, named Adelaide after her mother, and having settled on his wife the lands of Aumale in dower. The widow of Enguerrand, being still young, married secondly, and in the first year of her widowhood, Lambert, Count of Lens, in Artois, and brother of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and had by him a daughter, named Judith, whose hand was given by her uncle, William the Conqueror, to Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. Count Lambert could scarcely have seen the birth of his child, for he was killed at Lille the following year, in a battle between Baldwin, Count of Flanders, and the Emperor Henry III. A widow for the second time, and still in the prime of life, she married, thirdly, Odo of Champagne, by whom she was the mother of Stephen, who, on the death of his elder sister Adelaide, became the first Comte d'Aumale, or Earl of Albemarle, the Seigneurie having been made a Comte by King William, but upon what occasion and at what time we have no evidence.

The name of Adeliza with the title of "Comitissa de Albemarle" occurs in Domesday, but not that of Odo, which first appears in connection with English transactions in 1088 (1st of William Rufus), when Count Odo and his son Stephen gave the manor and church of Hornsea, in the wapentake of Holderness, to the Abbey of St. Mary of York.

This latter fact also leads to the correction of Orderic Vital's assertion, that King William granted the earldom of Holderness to Odo of Champagne at the same time that he distributed cities and counties with great honours and domains among other lords who had assisted him in the Conquest, viz, in 1070. In the first place, Holderness was not an earldom; and in the second, as late as the completion of Domesday, A.D. 1086, the whole district so named was still part of the honour of Drogo de Brevere, a Fleming who had fought for William at Senlac, and received the greater part of the territory of Holderness amongst other portions of the spoil.

The gift of the lands (Dugdale says, of the city) of Aumale to Odo by the Archbishop of Rouen has also to be explained, for as Jean de Bayeux, if it were he, as stated by the author of L'Art de Vérifier les Dates,,,, wassss not advanced to the primacy before 1067, such donatiooon coouuld not have been made previous to the invasion of England, at which period, and as late as 1086, the city and Castle of Aumale, with such lands as had not been given to the church of Auchi, were in possession of Adeliza, as Lady or Countess of Aumale, the wife, or if she were deceased, the stepdaughter of that very Odo.

It depends therefore entirely upon the date of Odo's marriage, whether it was he who, in 1066, was the "Sire d'Aubemare" (in right of his wife) alluded to by the rhyming chronicler as a combatant in the great battle. The evidence brought to light by the industry of Mr. Stapleton, and published by him in the 23rd vol. of the Archaeologia, supplemented by his letter to the late Sir Charles G. Young, Garter-King-of-Arms, and communicated by the latter to the Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. vi. p. 265, and also set forth by Mr. Stapleton in his notes on the Norman rolls of the Exchequer, has been epitomized by the authors of Recherches sur le Domesday, published in 1842, and it is singular, therefore, that the information of the triple marriage of the Countess of Ponthieu should have escaped the vigilance of Mr. Freeman, who has been led by Mr. Stapleton into the serious error which his later discoveries allowed him to correct, of making Odo the husband of the younger Adelaide, who at the time the record was written had succeeded, as daughter and sole heir of Count Enguerrand, to the "Suzeraineté""" offfff Aumale.....

Whether the expatriated Count of Champagne fleshed his maiden sword at Senlac or not, he appears to have made no mark either for good or for evil in the annals of this country till, misled by ambition, he was induced to join in the conspiracy the collapse of which has given him an unenviable reputation in them.

History is quite silent about him until after the death of the Conqueror, when we are told that Odo found himself embarrassed by his position as a feudatory of William Rufus in England and of Robert Court-heuse in Normandy. He owed allegiance to each; but how could he serve two masters who were at war with one another? He decided in favour of Rufus, and received an English garrison in his Castle of Aumale, which, in conjunction with his son Stephen, he enlarged and strengthened, at the expense of the royal treasury, on the invasion of Normandy by the Red King in 1090.

Five years afterwards, however, he joined in a conspiracy with Robert de Mowbray, William d'Eu, and other disaffected nobles, to depose Rufus and place his own son Stephen d'Aumale upon the throne.

The conspiracy failing in consequence of timely warning having been given to the King, Odo and his son were both arrested, the former thrown into a prison, from which he never emerged alive, and the latter condemned to have his eyes put out; but the piteous prayers of his wife and family, to say nothing of the payment of a considerable sum of money, obtained a remission of his sentence and restoration to liberty. How long Odo lingered in his dungeon is unknown. The exact date of his death is as uncertain as nearly every other part of his history, but it is presumed to have taken place in 1108.

Dugdale says, "the lordships whereof he was possessed, as appears by the Conqueror's Survey, were only these," and he then enumerates certain manors, which, in "the Conqueror's Survey," are distinctly set down as held by Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, Odo's name, as I have previously stated, not occurring in a single instance throughout the work; but Holderness, he adds, "was not given him till after that Survey." There he is right, as we shall find in the following notice of Drogo de Brevere.