Skoglar Toste

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sigrid married King of Sweden Erik VIII "Seiersal" Bjornsson about 949 in Sweden. Erik (son of King at Uppsala Bjorn "The Old" Eriksson and Svensdatter) was born about 920 in of Uppsala, Sweden; died in 994/95 in Uppsala, Sweden. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sigrid married King of Denmark Sveyn I Tveskäg Haroldsson about 984. Sveyn (son of King of Denmark Herbastus (Harold) VII "Bluetooth" Gormsson and Gynrithe Olafsdatter) was born in 963 in Denmark; died on 2 Feb 1014 in London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Olaf married Princess of the Obotrites Astrid (Inegrid) about 999 in of Uppsala, Sweden. Astrid (daughter of of Poland, Prince of the Obotrites III Mieceslas and Sophia) was born about 979 in Upsala, Sweden. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Olaf married Princess of Wends Edla about 981 in Sweden. Edla was born about 960 in of Mecklenburg-Schw, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ingegarda married Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kyiv Yaroslav I "The Wise" Wladimirowwitsch Grand Prince of Kyiv in 1019 in Uppsala, Sweden. Yaroslav (son of Vladimir I "The Great" Sviatoslavich Grand Duke of Kyiv and Princess of Polotzk Rogneda Rogvolodovna) was born about 978 in Kyiv, Kraine, Ukraine; died on 20 Feb 1054 in Kyiv, Kraine, Ukraine; was buried in Russia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Astrid married King of Norway Olav II Haraldsson in 1024 in Uppsala, Sweden. Olav (son of Harald Gudrodsson and Asta Gudbrandsson) was born about 995 in Ringerike, Norway, Denmark; died on 29 Jul 1030 in St. Klestad, Norway; was buried on 3 Aug 1030 in St. Clemens, Trondheim, Norway. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anna married Henry Capet, King of France I on 19 May 1051 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Henry (son of King of France Robert II "The Pious" Capet and of Toulouse Constance d'Arles) was born on 4 May 1008 in Reims, La Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died on 4 Aug 1060 in Vitry, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; was buried in St Denis Abbey, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anna married Raoul IV de Valois in 1061 in Valois, Bretagne, France. Raoul was born about 1032 in Pays du Valois, Ile-de-France, France; died on 8 Sep 1074 in Mellent, Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anna married Harald III Hardrada "The Severe" Sigurdsson, King of Norway in 1044 in Kyyiv, Ukraine. Harald was born in 1015 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway; died in 1066 in Killed at the battle of Stamford Bridge in Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Her ancestry is greatly disputed.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatha%2C_wife_of_Edward_the_Exile

I have chosen the ancestry that makes the most sense to me.

Agatha married Edward "The Exile" Ætheling in 1035 in Hungary. Edward (son of King of England Edmund II "Ironside" and Ealdgyth) was born about 1016; died in 1057 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Irene Maria Monomachina. Irene (daughter of Emperor of Byzantium Constantine IX Monomachus and Argyra Skleraina) was born in 1030 in Greece; died on 10 Jul 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ulfhild married of Saxony Ordulf about 1042 in Saxony. Ordulf (son of Duke of Saxony II Bernard and Elika von Schweinfurt) was born about 1022 in Saxony; died on 28 Mar 1072. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Bertrade de Montfort in 1095. Bertrade (daughter of Simon de Montfort, Seigneur de Montfort and Agnès d'Évreux) was born in May 1059 in Montfort-l'Amaury, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1117 in Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Saint-Remy-l'Honore, des Yvelines, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Countess of Holland Bertha in 1072. Bertha (daughter of Count of Holland Floris, Count of Holland I and Gertrud Wettin) was born about 1054 in of Vlaardingen, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died on 30 Jul 1093 in Montreuil-sur-Lo, Maine-et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Adelaide de Vermandois in 1064 in France. Adelaide (daughter of Count of Vermandois Herbert IV de Vermandois and Adela de Valois) was born about 1048 in Valois, Isle de France, France; died on 23 Sep 1120 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01512

Canonized 1250 and her feast day is 16th November. In 1057 she arrived at the English court of Edward the Confessor. Ten years later she was in exile after William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. She fled to Scotland where she was married against her wishes to King Malcolm to whom she bore six sons and two daughters. Her unlearned and boorish husband grew daily more graceful and Christian under the queen's graceful influence. Her remains were removed to Escorial Spain and her head Douai, France.

http://www.talweb.com/redlimey/gene/saxonkings.htm#MARGARET
Queen Margaret, "a saintly and determined young woman," began to strip the old Scottish traditions and ways from society. She brought with her the modern culture of England and the current religious beliefs of the Catholic church. Amoung other things, she imposed all the English religious practices upon the Scottish clergy. She was successful in nearly completely erradicating what little was left of the ancient Celtic and Druidic practices. She also saw to the rebuilding of the Monastery of Iona.

St. Margaret died 16 Nov 1093, three days after her husband was killed in an ambush. Her last words are said to have been a prayer of thanks to God for the pain and sadness which purified her in her last days. Her burial is believed to be at the Monastery of Iona. Although I have found no exact mention of this, I have found referance that all kings (and presumably their queens) were buried here up until it was taken by King Magnus Barelegs of Norway in 1098.

For all her actions and benefactions, she was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1251 and became Saint Margaret.

Margaret married King of Scots Malcolm III "Canmore" mac Dhonnchaidh in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Malcolm (son of King of Scots Duncan I Atholl and Sibyl FitzSiward) was born about 1031 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093; was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

One of Vladimir and Gytha's descendents was Philippa, wife of Edward III.

Family/Spouse: Princess of England Gytha. Gytha (daughter of King of England Harold II Godwineson and of Mercia Ealdgyth) was born in 1053 in Wessex, England; died on 2 May 1107. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Magnus married Princess of Hungary Sophia (Zsofia) about 1071 in Germany. Sophia (daughter of King of Hungary I Bela and Princess of Poland Rixa) was born about 1043 in of Esztergom, Hungary; died on 18 Jun 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married of Rochefort Lucienne in 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Countess of Savoy Adélaïde de Maurienne on 3 Aug 1115 in Paris, Seine, France. Adélaïde (daughter of Count of Maurienne and Savoy, Marquis of Turin Humbert II de Maurienne and Countess of Burgundy-Ivrea Gisela Burgundy) was born about 1092 in Savoy, France; died on 18 Nov 1154 in Montmartre Abbey, Paris, France; was buried in Montmartre Abbey, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Count of Blois Hugo (Hugh), I in 1104. Hugo (son of Count of Blois and Champagne III Theobald and of Maine Garsende) was born about 1048 in Blois, France; died in 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I in 1096. Robert (son of Lord of Beaumont-le-Roger and Pont-Audemer, Viscount of Hiesmes Roger de Beaumont and Adeline de Meulan) was born in 1046 in Beaumont-le-Roger, Eure, Normandy, France; died on 5 Jun 1118 in Préaux, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne in 1118 in Pays du Valois, Bretagne, France. William (son of 1st Earl of Surrey William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey and Princess of England Gundred) was born on 24 Jun 1085 in Surrey, England; died on 11 May 1138 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Priory of Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Montfort Ralph de Gael. Ralph (son of Earl of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridge Ralph de Gael and Emma FitzOsbern) was born in 1078 in Montford de Gael, Brittany, France; died in Montford de Gael, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Raoul de Beaugency about 1111 in Beaugency, Loiret, France. Raoul was born about 1082 in of Beaugency, Loiret, France; died in 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eléonore de Blois. Eléonore (daughter of Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" and Adela (Adelle)) was born in 1104; died in 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: of Flanders Laurette. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England

Family/Spouse: Princess of England Sibylla. Sibylla (daughter of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Sibyl Corbet) was born about 1097 in Domfront, Normandy, France; died on 12 Jul 1122 in Island of the Woman, Loch Tay, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

David married Maud Huntingdon in 1113. Maud (daughter of Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland Waltheof Siwardsson and of Lens Judith) was born about 1072 in Huntingdon, Northumberland, England; died on 23 Apr 1130 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Count of Boulogne and Lens Eustace III de Talvas in 1102. Eustace was born about 1059; died on 31 May 1116. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Henry (son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and of Flanders Matilda) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lyubava Dmitrievna. Lyubava was born in 1100; died in 1168. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Wulfhilda married Duke of Bavaria I Heinrich about 1099 in Germany. I (son of Duke of Bavaria IV Welf and Countess of Northumbria Judith (Fausta)) was born about 1074 in Bavaria; died on 13 Dec 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor on 22 Jul 1137 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France, and was divorced in 1152. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William X "The Toulousan" and Eleanor Chatellerault de Rochefoucald) was born about 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Adele de Blois on 18 Oct 1160. Adele (daughter of Count of Blois and Champagne Theobald IV de Blois and Princess of Carinthia Mathilde von Sponheim) was born about 1140 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France; died on 4 Jun 1206 in Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Constance Burgundy before 18 Nov 1153. Constance (daughter of Emperor of All the Spains Alfonso VII Burgundy and Berenguela Raimundo) was born in 1141 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; died on 4 Oct 1160 in Ile De La Cite, Paris, Ile-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Pierre married Elizabeth about 1150. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Hawise d'Evereaux in 1144 in Reims, Marne, France. Hawise (daughter of Sheriff of Wiltshire Walter FitzEdward d'Evereaux and Sibyl de Chaworth) was born in 1123 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died in 1152 in Braine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Agnes de Baudement in 1152 in Ende, France. Agnes (daughter of Guy de Vaudemont and Alice (Adelaide)) was born about 1130 in France; died on 11 Jul 1218 in France; was buried in St Ived Abbey, Braine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Countess of Rochefort Agnes after 1141 in Reims, Marne, France. Agnes was born about 1125. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Amice de Gael in 1120/1151 in Brittany, France. Amice (daughter of Lord of Montfort Ralph de Gael and Emma Avice de Vermandois) was born in 1108 in Montford de Gael, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Meulan.

Waleran married Agnes de Montfort about 1141. Agnes (daughter of Count Evereux Amaury, Seigneur de Montfort III and Countess de Rochefort Agnes de Garlende) was born about 1122 in Montfort-l'Amaury Castle, Ile-de-France, France; died on 15 Dec 1181. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Waleran married Matilda in 1136. Matilda (daughter of King of England Stephen de Blois and Countess of Boulogne Matilda de Talvas) was born about 1133; died in Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Constable of England Hervey de Montmorency in 1135. Hervey (son of Seigneur de Chateau-Bassett Bouchard II de Montmorency and Adeliza (Alice) de Clermont) was born about 1138; died in 1165. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" about 1119. Henry (son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and of Flanders Matilda) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Pembroke Gilbert "Strongbow" FitzGilbert de Clare before 1130 in Tunbridge, Kent, England. Gilbert (son of Earl Hertford Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare and Adeliza (Alice) de Clermont) was born on 21 Sep 1100 in Tunbridge, Kent, England; died on 6 Jan 1147 in England; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthsire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Earl of Huntingdon Simon de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon II in 1141/1186 in of Leicestershire, England. Simon (son of Simon de Senlis, 1st Earl of Northampton and 2nd Earl of Huntingdon I and Maud Huntingdon) was born about 1098 in Northamptonshire, England; died in Aug 1153 in Northampton, Northamptonshire, , England; was buried in St Andrew's Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron Hinckley Hugh de Grandmesnil. Hugh (son of Robert de Grandmesnil and of Bayeux Agnes de Briquessart) was born in 1092 in Grandmesnil, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 10 Feb 1136 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gundred married 2nd Earl of Warwick Roger de Beaumont before 1130. Roger (son of 1st Earl of Warwick Henry de Beaumont and Margaret de Perche) was born in 1102; died on 12 Jun 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gundred married Governor of Lancaster, Lord Kendal William de Lancaster about 1154. William (son of Lord Kendal Gilbert de Lancaster and Godith FitzReinsfred) was born about 1115 in Kendal, Westmorland, England; died about 1170. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Adela d'Alencon in 1132/1147. Adela (daughter of Count of Alencon and Ponthieu William Talvas, Count of Ponthieu III and Helie de Bourgogne) was born about 1120 in Alençon, Orne, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 4 Oct 1174. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Ada De Huntingdon

Ada married 3rd Earl of Huntingdon Henry Dunkeld in 1139. Henry (son of King of Scotland David I "The Saint" mac Maíl Coluim and Maud Huntingdon) was born in 1114 in Scotland; died on 12 Jun 1152 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Morggan MacGylocher, Mormaer and Earl De Mar in Mar 1145 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Morggan (son of Gille Chlerig Gillocher and Orabile) was born in 1115 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland; died on 30 Mar 1183 in Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amice married 2nd Earl of Leicester Robert II de Beaumont in 1120/1151 in Brittany, France. Robert (son of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1104 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, Normandy, France; died on 5 Apr 1168 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England; was buried in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: of Lincoln Richard. Richard (son of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Ansfride) was born before 1101; died on 25 Nov 1120 in Drowned in wreck of the White Ship near Barfleur, Manche, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Enguerrand II de Courcy in 1132 in Beaugency, Loiret, France. Enguerrand (son of Seigneur de Marl Thomas de Courcy and Melisende de Crecy) was born about 1110 in Boves, Somme, France; was christened in 1148; died about 1148/49 in Palestine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Ada (Adelaide) de Warenne in 1139. Ada (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1120 in Surrey, England; died in 1178 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Stephen de Blois in 1125 in Westminster, London, England. Stephen (son of Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" and Adela (Adelle)) was born about 1096 in Blois, France; died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Kent, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was designated Henry's heir, and on his death (1135), Stephen seized the throne and Matilda invaded England (1139) inaugurating a period of inconclusive civil war. She and her second husband (Geoffrey) captured Normandy and in 1152 the Treaty of Wallingford recognized Henry as Stephen's heir.

Burke says she was betrothed in her eighth year (1119) to Henry.

MATILDA (1102-1167), empress, was the daughter of Henry I of England by his first marriage. She was betrothed in 1109 and married in 1114 to the German emperor Henry V. When her husband died (1125) leaving her childless, her father, whose only surviving legitimate child she then was, persuaded his reluctant barons to accept her, on oath, as his successor (Jan. 1, 1127). The novel prospect of a female ruler was itself unwelcome; Matilda's 17-year absence in Germany (where she was not unpopular) and her apparent arrogance estranged her from her father's subjects. Difficulties also might result from her remarriage to provide for the succession. Her marriage in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, heir to Anjou and Maine (designed by Henry I, like her first marriage, for political ends), whose father, Count Fulk, departed immediately after the ceremony to become the consort of Melisende of Jerusalem, flouted the barons' stipulation that she should not marry outside England without their consent, and was unpopular in Normandy and England. On Henry I's death, his nephew Stephen by prompt action secured England and was recognized by Pope Innocent II. Matilda and Geoffrey, however, made some headway in Normandy. Matilda's subsequent challenge to Stephen's position in England mainly depended on the support of her half-brother Earl Robert of Gloucester. After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln (Feb. 1141), Matilda was elected "lady of the English" and would have been queen could she have proceeded to coronation, but active support for her cause still came mainly from the western counties. Her chance of consolidating her precarious victory was swiftly destroyed by a reaction imitated by her tactless handling of London. After her defeat at Winchester in Sept. 1141, her supporters, slowly reduced by death and defection, maintained a stubborn defense until Earl Robert died (1147) and Matilda retired (1148) to Normandy, of which her husband had gained possession. She continued to interest herself in the government of the territories of her eldest son, the future Henry II of England. Her career was not entirely unsuccessful: all the subsequent monarchs of England have been her descendants, not Stephen's. She died in Normandy on Sept. 10, 1167.

Died:
Abbey of Notre Dame de Pres, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France

Matilda married Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, France. Geoffrey (son of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Château-du-Loir, Eure-et-Loire, Normandy, France; was buried in St Julian's Church, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Holy Roman Emperor V Henry on 7 Jan 1113 in Mainz, Germany. V (son of Holy Roman Emperor IV Heinrich and Bertha de Savoy) was born on 11 Aug 1086; died on 23 May 1125 in Utrecht. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: William "The Atheling"
• Birth: 5 Aug 1103, Winchester, Hampshire, England
• Death: 25 Nov 1120

Family/Spouse: Matilda d'Anjou. Matilda (daughter of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born in 1111; died in 1154. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: II Geza. II was born about 1130; died on 3 May 1162. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married Duke of Swabia Frederick II von Hohenstaufen about 1120 in Germany. Frederick (son of Duke of Swabia Frederick I von Büren and Princess of Germany Agnes) was born in 1090 in Swabia, Germany; died on 6 Apr 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alix married Count of Blois Theobald V "The Good" de Blois in 1164. Theobald (son of Count of Blois and Champagne Theobald IV de Blois and Princess of Carinthia Mathilde von Sponheim) was born in 1127 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France; died in 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Champagne and Brie Henry I "The Liberal" de Blois. Henry (son of Count of Blois and Champagne Theobald IV de Blois and Princess of Carinthia Mathilde von Sponheim) was born in 1126 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France; died on 17 Mar 1181 in Troyes, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Isabella d'Hainaut on 28 Apr 1180 in Bapaume, Normandy, France. Isabella (daughter of Baldwin, Count of Hainaut V and of Flanders Marguerite I de Flandre) was born on 5 Apr 1170 in Valenciennes, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 15 Mar 1190 in Paris, Paris, Ile-De-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: King of England Richard I Plantagenet. Richard (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 8 Sep 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; died on 6 Apr 1199 in Chalus, Limousin, France; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alys married Count of Ponthieu William IV Talvas on 20 Aug 1195. William (son of Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil John I Talvas and Beatrice de St. Pol) was born in 1179; died on 4 Oct 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Acre, Palestine

Family/Spouse: Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou. Henry Plantagenet. Henry (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 28 Feb 1154/55 in Bermondsey Palace, Surrey, England; died on 11 Jun 1183 in Martel Castle, Turenne, France; was buried in Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alix married Count of Angoulême Aymer Taillefer about 1180. Aymer (son of Count of Angoulême William V Taillefer and Marguerite de Turenne) died in 1202. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Peter married Yolande d'Hainaut on 1 Jul 1193 in Soissons, Aisne, Ille-de-France, France. Yolande (daughter of Baldwin, Count of Hainaut V and of Flanders Marguerite I de Flandre) was born in 1175 in Hainaut, France; died on 26 Aug 1219 in Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married Yolande de Courcy in 1184 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France. Yolande (daughter of Seigneur de Mar Raoul I de Courcy and Agnes de Hainault) was born about 1164 in Boves, Somme, France; died on 18 Mar 1222; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alix married Seigneur de Mar Raoul I de Courcy after 1181 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France. Raoul (son of Enguerrand II de Courcy and Agnes de Beaugency) was born about 1139 in Boves, Somme, France; died on 1 Nov 1191 in Siege of Acre, Palestine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hawise married 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert about 1150. William (son of 1st Earl of Gloucester Robert de Caen and Maud FitzHamon) was born on 23 Nov 1116 in Gloucestershire, England; died on 23 Nov 1183 in Cardiff Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Petronella de Grandmesnil in 1152/1180. Petronella (daughter of Baron Hinckley Hugh de Grandmesnil and Alice de Beaumont) was born about 1130 in Leicestershire, England; died on 1 Apr 1212 in Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lord of Leinster 1171.

See also: http://www.castlewales.com/strngbow.html
and http://www.castlewales.com/is_clare.html

Richard married Eve (Aoife) MacMurrough on 26 Aug 1171 in Waterford. Eve (daughter of King of Leinster Diarmait MacMurchada and More O'Toole) was born about 1141 in Ireland; died after 1186 in Waterford, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Camerarius of Hanslope William de Mauduit in 1105/1212. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alice de Gand. Alice (daughter of Earl of Lincoln Gilbert de Gand and Rohese de Clare) was born about 1146 in Folkingham, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1185; was buried in Bridlington. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

married Lord of East Bradenham Roger de Huntingfield about 1166 in Suffolk, England. Roger (son of William de Huntingfield and Sybil) was born about 1141 in Huntingfield, Suffolk, England; died in 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Petronella married 3rd Earl of Leicester Robert III de Beaumont in 1152/1180. Robert (son of 2nd Earl of Leicester Robert II de Beaumont and Amice de Gael) was born before 1135 in Leicestershire, England; died on 31 Aug 1190 in Durazzo, Greece. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Waleran married Margaret de Bohun before 1190. Margaret (daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Lord of Trowbridge Constable of England III and Margaret de Huntingdon) died in 1195. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 1st Earl of Norfolk Hugh Bigod. Hugh (son of Earl of East Anglia Roger Bigod and Adeliza de Toeni) was born about 1095 in Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England; died about 1177 in Thetford Church, Norfolk, England; was buried in Thetford Church, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Creke. Robert (son of Robert de Creke) was born in 1163 in North Creke, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helwise de Stuteville. Helwise (daughter of Robert IV de Stuteville and Helewise Mudac) was born in 1165 in Cumberland, England; died in 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Earl of Surrey William de Blois about 1149. William (son of King of England Stephen de Blois and Countess of Boulogne Matilda de Talvas) was born about 1132 in Blois, France; died on 11 Oct 1159 in Toulouse, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne in Apr 1164 in Surrey, England. Hamelin (son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou V and of Angers Adelaide) was born in 1129 in Normandy, France; died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Chapter House of Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV in 1160. Conan (son of Alan "The Black" of Penthièvre and of Brittany Bertha of Cornouaille, Duchess of Brittany) was born in 1138; died on 20 Feb 1171. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Lord of Trowbridge Constable of England III in Apr 1175 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. Humphrey (son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Baron of Trowbridge II and Margaret de Gloucester) was born in 1144 in Bromyard, Herefordshire, England; died in Dec 1181 in Brosse, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Hempsted, City of Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maude "of Chester" de Kevelioc. Maude (daughter of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born in 1171 in Chester, Chestershire, England; died on 6 Jan 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Born in 1143, William the Lion was the younger brother of Malcolm IV. A year after his accession, he went to Normandy with Henry II and later spent Easter 1170 at Windsor. In 1174, however, he joined Henry II's son in his rebellion against his father, and invaded England. He was captured at Alnwick, Northumberland and brought to Henry II with 'his feet shackled beneath the belly of his horse.' He was then held prisoner first in Yorkshire, later at Northampton and finally in France. He was released by the terms of the Treaty of Falaise of 8 December 1174, having been forced to agree to do homage to Henry II 'for Scotland and for all his other lands', and surrender key Scottish castles such as Edinburgh and Stirling.

As William's feudal lord, Henry now had the right to arrange his marriage, and he gave him Ermengarde de Beaumont, whose father was the son of an illegitimate daughter of Henry I. William eventually recovered Scotland from the English king's feudal overlordship, however, when Henry II was succeeded by Richard I. Richard, determined to raise money for his third Crusade, surrendered his feudal superiority over Scotland for 10,000 merks by the Quitclaim of Canterbury on 5 December 1189 and Scotland was an independent country once more. In 1196-7, William established his sovereignty in Caithness.

Under William, the development of feudal institutions continued; in part, the Scottish monarchy's government closely resembled England's. William established royal burghs in eastern Scotland up to moray Firth, and extended the use of sheriffs in the same area. Perth and Stirling became major centres of royal administration.

William I was a vigorous royal patron of the Scottish Church - he founded Arbroath Abbey, Angus in or before 1178. In 1182 Pope Lucius III sent him the Golden Rose and in 1188 Pope Clement III took the Scottish Church under his special protection. In 1192, the Pope granted a Bull to William that recognised the separate identity of the Scottish Church (previously the Church in Scotland had been brought under the authority of the Archbishop of York), and its independence of all ecclesiastical authorities apart from Rome. Gervase of Canterbury described William as 'a man of outstanding sanctity ... much preferring to have peace than the sword and to provide for his people by wisdom rather than iron'. William died at Stirling on 4 December 1214, aged 71, and was buried at Arbroath

Family/Spouse: William de Say. William (son of William de Say and Beatrice de Mandeville) was born about 1126 in Kimbolton, Norfolk, England; died before 1 Aug 1177. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir William Fitz-William, lord of Elmley and Sprotborough, m. Albreda, dau. and heir of Robert de Lizures, widow of Richard Fitz-Eustace, constable of Chester, and sister of the half blood to Robert de Laci, Baron of Pontefract, and had issue, a dau. Donatia, to whom her other gave lands in Crowle, with a son, Sir William Fitz-William, his successor. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 215, Fitz-William, Baron Fitz-William]

William married Albreda (Aubrye) de Lisoures about 1170. Albreda (daughter of Robert "Eudo" de Lisoures and Albreda "Aubrye" de Lacy) was born about 1128 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; died after 1193 in Halton Castle, Skipton, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alesta married Alan Fitzwalter, 2nd High Steward in 1165 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alan (son of Walter FitzAlan, 1st Great Steward of Scotland and Eschyna de Molle) was born in 1126 in Blackhall Manor, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died on 24 Aug 1204 in Kyle, East Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Raoul married Alix de Dreux after 1181 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France. Alix (daughter of Count of Dreux Robert Capet and Agnes de Baudement) was born about 1145/46 in of Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France; died after 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Raoul married Agnes de Hainault about 1163 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. Agnes (daughter of Baldwin IV "Le Bâtisseur" Count of Hainaut and Alix de Namur) was born about 1141 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium; died in 1173 in Laon, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marie married Count of Boulogne Matthew d'Alsace in 1160. Matthew (son of Duke of Alsace, Count of Flanders III Thierry and Sibylla d'Anjou) was born about 1137 in Flanders, Belgium; died on 25 Jul 1173 in Battle of Driencourt. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Count of Meulan Earl of Worcester Waleran de Beaumont in 1136. Waleran (son of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1104 in Beaumont, Normandy, France; died on 4 Oct 1166. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne about 1149. Isabel (daughter of 3rd Earl of Surrey William III de Warenne and Adela d'Alencon) was born in 1137 in Surrey, England; died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostilities with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy.

Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of the Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffrey the Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestuous, and both parties were glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going to England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritage for young Henry.

He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made her dramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across the ice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. His next visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited a small army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, but failed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended up borrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, two years later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, his were skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimes frightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, of which his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of his father's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him.

Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great deal for the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in their lives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford, and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, she would bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in her own right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit and win, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees in the south.

Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He was intelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write; immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who loved travel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages; carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to conceal his baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned not to grow fat.

But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with a large force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gained control of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucial battle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because in the preparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, a bad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, a cheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxious advisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parley privately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there were only two of them there, at the narrowest point of the Thames, with Henry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to have come to an agreement to take negotiations further.

That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry an heir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced his faithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soon confirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule in his place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry and Eleanor were crowned in London.

Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensed castles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handed justice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked by civil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, when guerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killed him; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changed from being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162.

The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination to continue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in the country. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royal justices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal local systems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 and Northampton in 1176, he got his council's agreement to a series of measures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with the widest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel, too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like a modern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, the assize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system.

Henry traveled constantly, and much of the time in his Continental territories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usually inspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keep the integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this was no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King of France which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again did homage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine and Brittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henry crowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession, surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the world onto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had no intention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title does not rest until he has that title's power.

Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland - escaping from the world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas at Dublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish.

Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them to revolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to the French court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henry clamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilst he was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland, and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen broke into revolt.

Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealing with the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned to England, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town he walked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and went to keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming out to relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monks of Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, but some with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five.

It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry was brought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He moved quickly northwards, receiving rebels' submission all the time. He met up with Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My other sons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true and legitimate son.'

Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis and his three rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though still no share of power.

Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, and quickly proved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats, such as capturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls and moats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue - they loved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, shows well in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents and pavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the field knights and horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken and overwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with a line of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of different hues, shields that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and wounded roving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of naught but the breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find no such savor in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout "On! On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; and in seeing men great and small go down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'

These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry. He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless and thoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the serious business of government. Then in the middle of his new rebellion he caught dysentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck --one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out.

The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was not going to rush into making a new one. He called his favorite youngest son, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into his brother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favorite -- had made Aquitaine his home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused to give his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself.

Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned against himself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bring her to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King of France, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories, all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to be planning a joint crusade.

In 1188 Henry, already ill with the abscessed anal fistula that was to cause him such an agonizing death, refused point blank to recognize Richard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was at the root of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking he was playing his usual canny hand.

But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June 1189, Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and he was forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curses on God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, his usual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physical condition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to his aid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be held on his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to their every condition for peace.

Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news that John, for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons-- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it was his bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There was not even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over and again he cried out in agony "Shame! shame on a vanquished king!"

After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt and drawers. When the marshal came to arrange the burial he had to scratch around for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare gold edging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent his sovereignty.

And yet Henry had foreseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he had long before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: the picture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourth perched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time should come. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry married Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William X "The Toulousan" and Eleanor Chatellerault de Rochefoucald) was born about 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rosamond de Clifford. Rosamond (daughter of Walter I de Clifford and Margaret de Toeni) was born in 1136 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

III married Agnes de Chatillon in 1168 in Constantinople, Turkey. Agnes was born about 1150 in Versailles, France; died about 1184. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Frederick married Countess of Burgundy I Beatrice on 9 Jun 1156 in Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany. I (daughter of Count of Burgundy and Macon III Rainald and of Lorraine Agathe) was born in 1143; died on 15 Nov 1184. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Bertha married Duke of Lorraine I Matthias about 1110 in France. I (son of Duke of Lorraine I Simon and Adelaide de Leuven) was born in 1119 in Lorraine, France; died on 13 May 1176. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thibault married Queen of Navarre Blanche on 1 Jul 1199. Blanche (daughter of King of Navarre Sancho VI "The Wise") was born in 1180 in Navarre, Spain; died in 1229. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Acre, Palestine

Marie married Baldwin, Count of Hainaut VI on 6 Jun 1186. Baldwin (son of Baldwin, Count of Hainaut V and of Flanders Marguerite I de Flandre) was born on 11 Jul 1171 in Valenciennes, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 11 Jun 1205 in Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Acre, Palestine

Family/Spouse: Isabella d'Anjou. Isabella (daughter of Amalric (Amaury) d'Anjou, King of Jerusalem I and Maria Comnena) was born in 1172; died in 1205. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married of Castile Blanche on 23 May 1200 in Bapaume, Normandy, France. Blanche (daughter of King of Castile VIII Alfonso and Princess of England Eleanor Plantagenet) was born on 4 Mar 1187/88 in Palencia, Castile, Spain; died on 30 Nov 1253 in Palais du Louver, Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marie married Count of Dammartin II Simon in 1184/1234. II was born about 1180 in Dammartin, Seine-et-Marne, France; died on 21 Sep 1239. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. John (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married Count of La Marche Hugh de Lusignan, X in 1220 in France. Hugh (son of Hugh de Lusignan, IX and Mathilde d'Angouleme) was born before 1169 in Lusignan, Vienne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Leonore de St. Valery about 1211 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France. Leonore (daughter of Thomas de St. Valery and Adela de Ponthieu) was born about 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John divorced her on the ground of consanguinity; her grandfather Robert being an illegitimate son of Henry I. Burke also names her as Avisa.

Also known as Hawise, Joan, Eleanor.

The Complete Peerage vol. V, pp 689-692.

[From Burke's Peerage-see source for details]

An undoubted Earl of Gloucester, perhaps the first authentic one, at any rate after the Conquest, is Robert FitzHamon's son-in-law, another Robert, who was an illegitimate son of Henry I and was so created 1122. The Earldom passed to his eldest son, William FitzRobert, and from him to John, later King John and husband from 1189 to 1199 (when he divorced her) of Isabel, the youngest of William FitzRobert's three daughters. On John's coming to the throne the title did not merge in the Crown for it was not his in his own right but in right of his wife.

Isabel's situation now became that of a great heiress, for whoever she married next would gain the Earldom. John prevented her taking a second husband at all for the time being, however, and exchanged the Earldom of Gloucester with Aumarie de Montfort, son of William FitzRobert's eldest daughter Mabel, for the Comte of Evereux, which he then used as a dowry to secure the marriage of his niece Blanche with the King of France's son. Aumarie died childless and Isabel, who towards the end of John's reign married as her second husband Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and in right of his new wife now Earl of Gloucester too, died childless after marrying in the autumn of 1217 yet a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent.

The latter seems not to have been recognized as Earl of Gloucester as well as of Kent, despite his wife's undoubted possession of the former Earldom by the time of their marriage. But then she died only a few days later and her sister Amice, by now the only one of William FitzRobert's daughters still living, seems to have been recognized as Countess of Gloucester till her own death some seven and a half years later. On the other hand Amice's son Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford or of Clare (usually called the latter), was apparently acknowledged as Earl of Gloucester in addition this other dignity from as soon as the month after his aunt Isabel's death back in 1217.

Isabel married 5th Earl of Essex Geoffrey de Mandeville before 1216. Geoffrey (son of 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers and Beatrix de Say) was born about 1184 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 23 Feb 1215/16 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Trinity Priory within Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet on 19 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. John (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Kent Hubert de Burgh about Oct 1217. Hubert was born about 1165; died on 12 May 1243; was buried in Blackfriars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amicia married 4th Earl of Hertford Richard de Clare about 1180. Richard (son of Earl of Hertford Roger de Clare and Maud de St. Hilaire) was born about 1153 in Tunbridge Castle, Kent, England; died in 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

[From Burke' Peerage - see source for details]

John (King of ENG) prevented her (Isabel, youngest daughter of William FitzRobert) taking a second husband at all for the time being, however, and exchanged the Earldom of Gloucester with Aumarie de Montfort, son of William FitzRobert's eldest daughter Mabel, for the Comte of Evereux, which he then used as a dowry to secure the marriage of his niece Blanche with the King of France's son. Aumarie died childless.

Mabel married Comte d'Evereux Amaury V de Montfort about 1170. Amaury (son of Count d'Evereux Simon III de Montfort and Amicia (Maud) de Beaumont) was born about 1151 in Evereux, Eure, Normandy, France; died in 1191 in Evereux, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester IV in 1173 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. Saer (son of Robert de Quincy, Lord of Buckley and Countess of Leuchars Orabilis de Leuchars) was born in 1155 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 13 Nov 1219 in Damietta, Egypt; was buried in Acre, Northern District, Israel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Laurette de Braose. Laurette (daughter of 4th Lord of Bramber William III de Braose and Maud de St. Valery) was born in 1176 in Bramber, Sussex, England; died on 4 Mar 1266 in Hackington, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal in Aug 1189 in London, Middlesex, England. William (son of John "The Marshal" FitzGilbert and Sibyl d'Evereaux) was born in 1146 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 14 May 1219 in Caversham Manor, England; was buried in Temple Church, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Isabel FitzRoger de Gressinghall in 1193 in Suffolk, England. Isabel (daughter of William FitzRoger de Gressinghall and Alvia) was born about 1160 in Gressenhall, Norfolk, England; died in 1209. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron of Hanslape William de Mauduit. William (son of Robert de Mauduit) was born about 1196 in Hanslape, Buckinghamshire, England; died in Apr 1257. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord Hickley John de Valoines. John (son of Lord Hickley Theobald de Valoines) was born about 1194 in Hickley, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gilbert FitzRoger. Gilbert (son of Roger FitzReinfrid and Rohese de Romara) was born in 1162 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William de Warren (Plantagenet), Earl of Warren and Surrey, sided at the commencement of the contest between King John and the barons and for a long time thereafter with his royal kinsman, but eventually joined the banner of Lewis of France. On the death of King John, however, he returned to his allegiance and swore fealty to King Henry III, at the solemn nuptials of which monarch he had the honor of serving the king, at the banquet, with his royal cup in the Earl of Arundel's stead, who, being in minority, could not perform that office as he had not be engirt with the sword of knighthood. His lordship m. 1st, Lady Maud de Albini, dau. of the Earl of Arundel, but by her ladyship had no issue. Hem. 2ndly, Maud, dau., of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and widow of Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, by whom he had John, his successor, and Isabel. He d. in 1240, and was s. by his son, John de Warren (Plantagenet), Earl of Warren and Surrey. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

William married Matilda (Maud) Marshal before 13 Oct 1225. Matilda (daughter of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born about 1192 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 27 Mar 1248; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthsire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Lord Hastings Henry d'Eu in 1146/1182. Henry (son of Count of Eu John d'Eu and Alice d'Aubigny) was born about 1145 in Leicestershire, England; died in Mar 1182/83. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ida married 2nd Earl of Norfolk Roger Bigod about 1185. Roger (son of 1st Earl of Norfolk Hugh Bigod and Juliana de Vere) was born about 1150 in Norfolk, England; died before 2 Aug 1221 in Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet. John (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William FitzWilliam. William (son of Lord Emley and Sprotborough William FitzWilliam and Albreda (Aubrye) de Lisoures) was born about 1173 in Sprotbrough, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England; died before Feb 1223/24 in Emley, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Suzanne married King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet about 1186. John (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Earl of Bretagne. Earl of Richmond Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany II in Jul 1181. Geoffrey (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, Seine, France; was buried in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married 4th Earl of Chester Ranulph de Blundeville on 3 Feb 1186/87. Ranulph (son of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born about 1172 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died in 1232; was buried in St. Werburgs, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of Essex Maud de Mandeville. Maud (daughter of 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers and Beatrix de Say) was born in 1177 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 27 Aug 1236 in of Warwick, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick before 1190. Waleran (son of 2nd Earl of Warwick Roger de Beaumont and Gundred de Warenne) was born in 1153 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Galloway Alan FitzRoland. Alan was born about 1175; died in 1234; was buried in Dundrennan Abbey, Galloway, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrix married 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers before 25 Jan 1184/85 in Essex, England. Geoffrey (son of Piers de Lutgareshale and Maud de Mandeville) was born before 1163 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 14 Oct 1213 in Walden, Essex, , England; was buried in Shouldham Priory, Downham, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Boclande. William (son of Hugh de Boclande and Maud de Mandeville) was born about 1155 in Westoning, Bedfordshire, England; died in 1216. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

This feudal lord took up arms in the baronial cause, temp. King John, but returned to his allegiance in the 5th Henry III [1221]. He m. Ella, dau. of Hamlyn, Earl Warren and Surrey, and was s. by his son, Sir Thomas Fitz-William. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 215, Fitz-William, Baron Fitz-William]

Family/Spouse: Adela de Warenne. Adela (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1164 in Surrey, England; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrix De Angus. Beatrix was born in 1184 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland; died in 1270 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Yolande married Count of Dreux II Robert in 1184 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, France. II (son of Count of Dreux Robert Capet and Agnes de Baudement) was born about 1154 in France; was christened in 1218; died on 28 Dec 1218; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Brabant I Henry in 1179. I (son of Count of Leuven and Brussels, Landgraves of Brabant III Godfrey and of Limburg Margaret) was born in 1165 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium; died on 5 Sep 1235 in Colonge, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Auxonne and Traves Stephen (Etienne) de Macon, II. Stephen (son of Count of Macon and Auxonne William (Guillaume) de Macon, III and Poncette de Treves) was born about 1122 in France; died after 21 Jul 1173. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Crowned in 1170.

Stammtafeln says married 21 Aug 1172.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Capet. Margaret (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born in Nov 1157; died about Sep 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at a tournament by his horse.

Geoffrey married Duchess of Brittany Constance in Jul 1181. Constance (daughter of Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV and Margaret de Huntingdon) was born about 1161; died on 5 Sep 1201 in Nantes, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married King of Castile VIII Alfonso on 21 Sep 1177 in Burgos Cathedral, Castile, Spain. VIII (son of King of Castile III Sancho and of Navarre Blanche) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Castile, Spain; died on 5 Oct 1214 in Avevalo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Saxony And Bavaria V Henry on 1 Feb 1167 in Minden Cathedral, Saxony, Germany. V was born in 1129 in Ravensburg, Donau, Wuerttemberg, Germany; died on 6 Aug 1195 in Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede.

His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possessions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160.

King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.

Matthew Paris wrote, 'Foul as it is, hell itself is defiled by the presence of King John', and this pretty well sums up John's reputation--until 1944, that is. For in that year Professor Galbraith demonstrated in a lecture to an astonished world that the chief chronicle source for the reign of John was utterly unreliable. Since then bad King John has been getting better and better, until now he is nearly well again, and a leading scholar in the field has seriously warned us that the twentieth century could well create it own John myth.

A man who can create so many myths, or rather have them created about him, is clearly outstanding in some way, but the myths hide the truth. Plainly the chroniclers who invented stories about him after his death can tell us little, and we should not take too much notice of people who condemned John for carrying out his father's (and his brother's officials') policies and administrative routines, nor indeed those who condemned him because of the bitter troubles that happened in the succeeding reign, troubles which were in no means entirely of John's making. Recent historians have turned to the administrative records of his reign, and found there a very different picture; but still the lingering doubts remain--were these records the result of John's skill and application or of those of his able staff?

John was a paunchy little man, five feet five inches tall, with erect head, staring eyes, flaring nostrils and thick lips set in a cruel pout, as his splendid monument at Worcester shows. He had the tempestuous nature of all his family, and a driving demoniac energy: Professor Barlow says that 'he prowled around his kingdom, ' which is an evocative phrase, but it would be truer to say that he raced around it. He was fastidious about his person--taking more baths than several other medieval kings put together, and owning the ultimate in luxury, for that time, a dressing-gown. He loved good food and drink, and gambled a great deal, though he usually lost--the results of his typical impatience and carelessness are recorded on his expense rolls; above all things he loved women. Some say his 'elopement' was the cause of his loss of Normandy. He was generous to the poor (for instance, he remitted to them the penalties of the forest law), and to his servants; at the least he went through the motions of being a Christian king. He was extortionate, though if one considers the terrific increase in his outgoings (a mercenary soldier cost him 200 per cent more in wages than he would have in Henry II's day) one can understand some of his actions in the field. He was deeply concerned about justice, took care to attend to court business, and listened to supplicants with sympathy; he had also an urgent desire for peace in the land, saying that his peace was to be observed 'even if we have granted it to a dog.' But for all that, he had two totally unredeeming vices; he was suspicious, and enjoyed a cloak-and-dagger atmosphere--simply he did not inspire trust in his subjects. Dr. Warren says of him with some justice that if he had lived in the twentieth century he would have adored to run a secret police.

He was born at Oxford on Christmas Eve 1167. He was oblated for a monk at the abbey of Fontevrault at the age of one year, but was back at court by the time he was six--plainly he had no vocation, but he probably picked up at this early stage his fastidiousness and his passion for books: his library followed him wherever he went. He was his father's favorite, but he turned against the old man when his chance came, as he did against Richard (who had been very generous to his brother) when the latter was in captivity in 1193. The episode was a miserable failure, but it possibly sowed the seeds of distrust for John in England, where they began to sprout luxuriantly in 1199 when Richard died and John came to the throne.

Immediately the challenge came: Philip Augustus, the wily King of France, was backing John's nephew, Prince Arthur of Brittany (son of John's elder brother Geoffrey) as a contender for the throne, and England's French possessions fell prey to civil war. John found grave difficultly in dealing with the situation for a number of reasons, but in 1202 he made the remarkable coup of capturing Arthur by force-marching his troops eighty miles in forty-eight hours; but then his prosecution of the war became listless, and he lost much sympathy by his brutal murder of Arthur whilst in a drunken rage. By 1204 Normandy was lost.

The loss of Normandy seemed to wake John up, and he now deployed his every energy in building up the coastal defenses of Britain, now faced with an enemy the other side of the Channel, instead of just more of her own territory. The navy was built up, and the army, and John poured a quarter of his annual revenue into defense. But he could not persuade the baronage to support him in a counterstroke to regain Normandy: the barons of the north country had never owned land in Normandy and did not see why they should pay to regain southerner's castles for them. These 'Northerners' as they called themselves, were a hive of discontent, and more was to be heard from them. Meanwhile, John sailed angrily about in the Channel, cursing ineffectually.

Other troubles were to come first, however. In 1205 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walker, died, and John assumed that he would have the choice of the new archbishop. However, Pope Innocent III was no man to support secular control over church appointments, and supported the right of the monks of Canterbury to select their own archbishop. For two years the storms blew between England and Rome, then Stephen Langton was appointed. Meanwhile John had driven the monks into exile and appropriated the revenues of the archdiocese. He had fallen out also with his half-brother, Geoffrey Archbishop or York, over tax-collection, and he too fled abroad while John collected his revenues. Four bishops joined in his fight--tension was growing to the snapping point. In 1208 the Pope put an Interdict on England, which in effect meant the clergy went on strike, or, in certain cases and areas, worked to rule. John began negotiations with Innocent, but, finding that he demanded unconditional surrender, stopped them and took over all ecclesiastical properties and incomes. He did leave the clergy sufficient to live, though barely; but he still gained a large increment to his usual finances. In November 1209 the Pope took the final step of excommunicating the King, which, in that it made him an outlaw in Christendom, did far more damage than the Interdict.

John used his enlarged treasury to restore order in Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and to rebuild the old alliance with Otto IV of Germany and the Count of Flanders against Philip Augustus. He planned a two-pronged attack on France, to take place in 1212. But that year turned out an unlucky one for John, for the barons again refused to serve abroad, and the army he had was needed to put down a revolt in Wales; the Pope was threatening to demote him, and Philip Augustus was planning a massive invasion of England. John had to give in in one direction, for the pressure was much too great: he chose the Pope, and wisely so. He agreed to return to the status quo in the matter of church property and establishment, and to pay compensation; he further resigned his kingdom into the hands of the Pope, to receive it back in return for his homage and an annual tribute of 1,000 marks (a mark being two-thirds of a pound].

He had won a notable ally in Innocent III, who supported him faithfully throughout his troubles. Then his fleet, his own creation, had the good luck to find the French fleet at anchor and unprotected, destroyed it, and so made a French invasion impossible. On the crest of a wave, John determined to put his two-pronged invasion plan into action, but once more the northern barons refused to play, and he set off to punish them. Stephen Langton had arrived on the scene by now and managed to persuade John not to provoke the barons further.

In 1214 he finally managed to put his long cherished plan into action, but the two attacks were not properly coordinated; Otto was defeated at Bovines, and John was deserted by his Protein knights.

In 1215 John faced a baronage in turmoil: they could point to the failure of his expensive schemes, he ascribed his failure to their total lack of support. The situation could not be more tense. John's nervousness can be seen in his taking of the cross, a blatant attempt to reinforce his alliance with the papacy. In April the Northerners met at Stamford; they were by now a mixture of northerners and southerners--the name was now merely a nickname--but by and large they were the younger element in the kingdom, roughnecks out for a spree. They moved south and were let into London by a faction, and received the expected encouragement from Philip Augustus in the form of siege engines brought over by one Eustace, a renegade monk turned pirate.

John offered arbitration, but the barons turned it down, and while he put his faith in an appeal to Rome, Stephen Langton, in cooperation with William Marshal and other more stable and sensible barons, were working on the Northerners' demands to incorporate them into a general charter, which would not only govern feudal relationships, but would also lay down a more general pattern of legality in government. On 15 June John fixed his seal to the draft of Magna Carat, and on 19 June attested copies were sent to all parts of the kingdom.

The King did his part thoroughly, though for how long he would have continued is another matter, but the barons continued to distrust him. They remained in arms, organizing tournaments as their excuse, saying that the prize would be 'a bear a certain lady would send.' This was civil war, and John took to it with a fiendish glee. He reduced the north and the east, and was about to mop up the remainder of the opposition in London when Philip Augustus' son Louis landed in force to help the barons (May 1216). John had been riding hard for months, and was sick with dysentery after a bout of over-eating; whilst crossing the Wash, the whole of his baggage-train was lost. At Newark Castle on 18 October, he died, desiring to be buried near his patron saint Wolfsan in Worcester Cathedral.

He was by no means a good man, and his energies could well have been put to a better use, but in a different situation he might well have made a great king. His constant failure was discipline, over himself first, and others second. John reminds me of nothing so much as the type of person who is brilliant in many ways, and has many gifts, but leaves after two terms 'not suited to teaching in this type of school.' [Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

John married Countess of Angoulême Isabella Taillefer on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Count of Angoulême Aymer Taillefer and Alix Courtenay) was born in 1188 in Angoumé, Landes, Aquitaine, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Countess of Gloucester Isabel FitzRobert on 19 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. Isabel (daughter of 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert and Hawise de Beaumont) was born about 1165 in Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Gather de Ferrers in 1188. Gather (daughter of 3rd Earl of Derby William de Ferrers and Sybil de Braose) was born in 1168 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England; died on 4 Sep 1201 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Adela de Warenne. Adela (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1164 in Surrey, England; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Suzanne de Warenne about 1186. Suzanne (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1166 in Surrey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Burke says born 1155 died 1156.

Notes:

Reigned 1189-1199. Prisoner in Germany 1192-1194.

A hero of Medieval legends spent all but 6 months of his reign abroad. He became Duke of Aquitaine in 1168 and of Poitiers in 1172. He joined the 3rd crusade in 1189 and conquered Messina and Cyprus before arriving in the Holy Land. His victory at Arsuf gained Joppa (1191). On his way home he was captured in Austria and was only released by Emperor Henry VI after payment of an enormous ransom (1194). He returned briefly to England but died in France.

Richard married of Navarre Berengaria on 12 May 1191 in Chapel of St George, Limasol, Cyprus. Berengaria (daughter of King of Navarre Sancho VI "The Wise") was born in 1163 in Pamplona, Spain; died after 1230 in l'Epau Abbey, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of the Vexin Alys Capet. Alys (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born on 4 Oct 1160; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died in childbirth, having been veiled a nun on her deathbed.

Birth:
Angers Castle, Anjou, France

Joan married King of Toulouse VI Raymond in 1179/1196. VI was born in 1149/1168; died in 1222. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married King of Sicily William in 1179/1188. William was born in 1148/1168; died in 1189. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Longespee became Earl of Salisbury in right of his wife. In the beginning of King John's reign this nobleman was sheriff of Wiltshire, he was afterwards warden of the marches of Wales, and then sheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon. About this period (14th John)[1213], the baronial contest commencing, William Longespee at once espoused the royal cause and maintained it so stoutly that he was included by the barons amongst the evil councilors of the crown. The next year he was again constituted sheriff of Wilts and he held the office from that time during the remainder of his life. He had also grant of the honor of Eye, in Suffolk, and was the same year a witness to the agreement made between King John and the barons as guarantee forth former. He was likewise a witness to the charter whereby John resigned his kingdom to the Pope. After this we find him a principal leader in the royal army until the very close of John's reign, when he swerved in his loyalty and joined, for a short period, the ranks of Lewis of France. Upon the accession, however, of Henry III [1216], he did homage to that monarch, particularly for the county of Somerset, which the king then gave him; and joining with William Marshall. governor of the king and kingdom, raised the siege of Lincoln when he was constituted sheriff of Lincolnshire and governor of Lincoln Castle, being invested at the same time with sheriff of the co. of Somerset, and governorship of the castle of Shirburne. His lordship soon afterwards accompanied the Earl of Chester to the Holy Land, and was at the battle of Damieta, in which the crescent triumphed. He served subsequently in the Gascon wars, whence returning to England, Dugdale relates, "there arose so great a tempest at sea that, despairing of life, he threw his money and rich apparel overboard. But when all hopes were passed, they discerned mighty taper of wax burning bright at the prow of the ship and beautiful woman standing by it who preserved it from wind and rain so that it gave a clear and bright luster. Upon sight of which heavenly vision both himself and the mariners concluded of their future security, but everyone there being ignorant what this vision might portend except the earl, he, however, attributed it to the benignity of the blessed virgin by reason that, upon the day when he was honored with the girdle of knighthood, he brought a taper to her altar to be lighted ever day at mass when the canonical hours used to be sung, and to the intent that, for this terrestrial light, he might enjoy that which is eternal. "Arumour, however, reached England of the earls having been lost, and Hubert de Burgh, with the concurrence of the king, provided a suitor for his supposed widow, but the lady, in the interim, having received letters from her husband, rejected the suit with indignation. The earl soon after came to the king at Marlborough and, being received with great joy, he preferred a strong complaint against Hubert de Burgh, adding that, unless the king would do him right therein, he should vindicate himself otherwise to the disturbance of the public peace. Hubert, however, appeased his wrath with rich presents, and invited him to his table, where it is asserted that he was poisoned, for he retired to his castle of Salisbury in extreme illness and died almost immediately after, anno 1226. His lordship left issue, four sons and five daus., viz., William, his successor; Richard, a canon of Salisbury; Stephen, Justiciary of Ireland; Nicholas, bishop of Salisbury; Isabel, m. to William de Vesci; Ela, m. 1st, to Thomas, Earl of Warwick, and 2ndly to Philip Basset, of Hedendon; Idonea, m. to William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford; Lora, a nun at Lacock; and Ela, jun., m. to William de Odingsells. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 167, d'Evereux, Earls of Salisbury]

----------

I have attached William to Rosamund Clifford as that is how it is shown by Brian Tompsett at Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, although he provides the following notes: "The House of Clifford, Chapter 5: Much controversy surrounds the identity of the Mother of William, for Rosamund was not the king's only mistress, though there are many who believe she was. Those who dispute Rosamund's claim base their case on the disparity in the ages of all concerned, but there is other evidence as well which can not be ignored. Unfortunately, the records date neither the birth of Rosamund nor that of her father, or her reputed sons. Documents also indicate an Ida, and an Ykenai as his mother. Died on Crusade."

----------

William Longsword, 3rd earl of Salisbury, Longsword also spelled LONGESPEE (d. March 7, 1226, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng.), an illegitimate son of Henry II of England, and a prominent baron, soldier, and administrator under John and Henry III. He acquired his lands and title from Richard I, who in 1196 gave him the hand of the heiress Ela, or Isabel, daughter of William, earl of Salisbury. He held numerous official positions in England under John.

He was sent on missions to France (1202) and to Germany (1209). In 1213-14 he organized John's Flemish allies, taking part in the destruction (1213)of the French fleet at Damme, then the port of Bruges, and leading the right wing of the allied army at Bouvines (July 27, 1214), where he was captured. He was exchanged and was back in England by May 1215, when he was employed by John in inspecting the defenses of royal castles and fighting the rebels in the southwest.

During John's war against the barons, Salisbury deserted the king after the landing of Louis of France (May 1216); he returned to royal allegiance, however, by March 1217, fought at Lincoln (May) and Sandwich (August), and attested the Treaty of Kingston (September 1217).Salisbury held various posts during the minority of Henry III and served against the Welsh in 1223 and in Gascony in 1225. He and his wife were benefactors of Salisbury Cathedral and laid foundation stones of the new cathedral in 1220. William was buried there and his effigy, a splendid early example, still survives. [Britannica CD '97]

William married Countess of Salisbury Ela FitzPatrick in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of 2nd Earl of Salisbury William FitzPatrick and Eleanor de Vitre) was born in 1187/1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Hungarian Endre, or Andras. King of Hungary (1205-35) whose reign was marked by controversy with barons and the great feudatories and by the issuance of the Golden Bull of 1222 (q.v.), which has been called the Hungarian Magna Carta.

The son of Bela III, Andrew succeeded Laszlo III, his elder brother's son, on the throne in 1205. Powerful landed interests forced Andrew to spend royal funds so recklessly that the crown was soon impoverished and dependent on the feudatories, who soon reduced Hungary to a state of near anarchy. Objecting to the prodigality of the German followers of Andrew's first wife, Gertrude of Meran, rebellious nobles murdered her in 1213. Four years later, with an army of 15,000 men, Andrew set off on an ill-fated Crusade to the Holy Land. After his return the barons forced him to agree to the Golden Bull, which became an important source of the Hungarian constitution. It limited royal rights and prerogatives, confirmed basic rights of small holders and nobles, guaranteed justice for all, and promised to improve the coinage. Under it, nobles had the right to resist by force any royal decree.

During Andrew's reign the Teutonic Knights, who had occupied parts of Transylvania for 14 years, came into conflict with both royal and ecclesiastical authority, and the order was expelled from Hungary in 1225. Andrew's daughter by Gertrude was canonized as St. Elizabeth of Hungary.

Andrew married Gertrude von Meran in 1203. Gertrude was born about 1185 in Andechs, Starnberg, Bayern, Germany; died on 28 Sep 1213. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Andrew married Violant Courtenay in 1215. Violant was born about 1198. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married Princess of Byzantine Empire Irene Angelina on 25 May 1197. Irene (daughter of Emperor of Byzantine Empire Isaac II Angelos and Irena Comnenus) was born in 1184 in Constantinople, Turkey; died on 27 Aug 1208. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alix married Duke of Burgundy III Hugh about 1165 in Lorraine, France. III (son of Duke of Burgundy II Eudes and Marie de Champagne) was born about 1148 in of Burgundy, France; died on 25 Aug 1192 in Tyrus, Jerusalem. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]