Edward Plantagenet, King of England IV

Notes:

Edward IV, son of Richard, Duke of York and Cicely Neville, was born in 1442. He married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464, the widow of the Lancastrian Sir John Grey, who bore him ten children. He also entertained many mistresses and had at least one illegitimate son.

Edward came to the throne through the efforts of his father; as Henry VI became increasingly less effective, Richard pressed the claim of the York family but was killed before he could ascend the throne: Edward deposed his cousin Henry after defeating the Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross in 1461. Richard Neville, the Kingmaker, Earl of Warwick proclaimed Henry king once again in 1470, but less than a year elapsed when Edward reclaimed the crown and had Henry executed in 1471.

The rest of his reign was fairly uneventful. He revived the English claim to the French throne and invaded the weakened France, extorting a non-aggression treaty from Louis XI in 1475 which amounted to a lump payment of 75,000 crowns, and an annuity of 20,000. Edward had his brother, George, Duke of Clarendon, judicially murdered in 1478 on a charge of treason. His marriage to Elizabeth Woodville vexed his councilors, and he allowed many of the great nobles (such as his brother Richard) to build uncharacteristically large power bases in the provinces in return for their support.

Edward died suddenly in 1483, leaving behind two sons aged twelve and nine, five daughters, and a troubled legacy.

Edward married Elizabeth Woodville on 1 May 1464 in Grafton Regis, Northants, England. Elizabeth (daughter of 1st Earl Rivers Richard Woodville and Jacquetta de Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford) was born in 1437 in Grafton Regis, Worcestershire, England; died on 8 Jun 1492 in Bermondsey Abbey, Surrey, England; was buried in Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Eleanor Talbot in 1461. Eleanor (daughter of 1st Earl of Shrewsbury John Talbot and Margaret Beauchamp) died in Jun 1468; was buried in Church of the White Carmelites, Norwich, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married King of England Henry VII Tudor on 18 Jan 1486 in Westminster, England. Henry (son of 1st Earl of Richmond Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort) was born on 28 Jan 1457 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 21 Apr 1509 in Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England; was buried in Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married 8th Countess of Norfolk Anne de Mowbray on 15 Jan 1478 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Cathedral, London, England. Anne (daughter of 4th Duke of Norfolk John de Mowbray and Elizabeth Talbot) was born on 10 Dec 1472 in Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England; died on 19 Nov 1481 in Greenwich Palace, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon about 1495. William was born in 1475; died on 9 Jun 1511. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk on 4 Feb 1494/95. Thomas (son of Earl of Surrey Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Tilney) was born in 1473 in Kenninghall, Norfolk, England; died on 25 Aug 1554 in Kenninghall, Norfolk, England; was buried in St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham, Suffolk, ENgland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married James Stewart, King of Scots IV on 8 Aug 1503 in Holyrod Abbey. James (son of James Stewart, King of Scots and Margaret) was born on 17 Mar 1473 in Stirling Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus on 4 Aug 1514. Archibald was born about 1489; died on 22 Jan 1557 in Tantallon Castle, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Lord Methven I Henry Stewart on 3 Mar 1528. Henry was born about 1495; died in 1552. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried:
St. George Chapel

Henry married Anne of Cleves on 6 Jan 1540. Anne (daughter of John La Mark, Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark III and Mary Julich) was born on 22 Sep 1515 in Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; died on 16 Jul 1557 in Chelsea, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Anne Boleyn on 25 Jan 1533 in London, Middlesex, England. Anne (daughter of 1st Earl of Wiltshire and 1st Earl of Ormonde Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Elizabeth Howard) was born in 1501 in Hever Castle, Kent, England; died on 19 May 1536 in Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England; was buried on 19 May 1536 in Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Howard on 28 Jul 1540 in Richmond upon Thames, London, England. Catherine (daughter of Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper) was born about 1523 in England; died on 13 Feb 1542 in Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England; was buried on 13 Feb 1542 in Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Parr on 12 Jul 1543 in Richmond upon Thames, London, England. Catherine (daughter of Thomas Parr and Maud Green) was born about 20 Dec 1508 in Blackfriars, London, England; died on 5 Sep 1548 in Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Jane Seymour on 20 May 1536 in York Palace, Yorkshire, England. Jane (daughter of John Seymour and Margery Wentworth) was born in 1508 in Wolf Hall, Savernake, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Oct 1537 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine of Aragon Trastámara on 11 Jun 1509 in Greenwich, London, Middlesex, England. Catherine (daughter of Ferdinand Trastámara, King of Aragon and Sardinia II and Isabella Trastámara, Queen of Castile I) was born on 16 Dec 1485 in Archiepiscopal Palace of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Castile, Spain; died on 7 Jan 1536 in Kimbolton Castle, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married 1st Duke of Suffolk Charles Brandon on 3 Mar 1515 in France. Charles was born in 1484; died on 22 Aug 1545. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married King of France Louis XII de Valois on 9 Oct 1514. Louis (son of Duke of Orléans Charles de Valois and Marie de Cleves) was born on 27 Jun 1462 in Château de Blois, Blois, Touraine, France; died on 1 Jan 1515 in Paris, Seine, France; was buried in Saint Denis Basilica, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 2nd Earl of Worcester, 4th Baron Herbert Henry Somerset. Henry (son of Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester and 3rd Baroness Herbert Elizabeth Herbert) was born about 1496; died on 26 Nov 1549. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
decapitation

Henry married Gertrude Blount on 25 Oct 1519 in Newport, Devon, England. Gertrude was born in 1502 in Hertfordshire, England; died on 25 Sep 1558 in Wimborne Minster, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1513

Notes:

He was 17 months old when his father (James IV) was killed. His mother acted as regent until her marriage in 1514 to Archibald, 6th earl of Angus. In 1525, during the continued struggle for control of the country, James was taken prisoner by his stepfather. Three years later the King escaped and assumed control of Scotland. His uncle, Henry VIII, King of England, tried to induce James to repudiate the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, but James refused, and relations between England and Scotland became strained; in 1542 war broke out.

James married Mary de Guise in 1538. Mary was born on 22 Nov 1515 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France; died on 11 Jun 1560. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married 4th Earl of Lennox Matthew Stuart in 1544. Matthew was born on 21 Sep 1516; died on 4 Sep 1571. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 2nd Duke of Suffolk Henry Grey. Henry (son of 2nd Marquess of Dorset Thomas Grey and Margaret Wotton) was born on 17 Jan 1517; died on 23 Feb 1554 in Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Mary became a prisoner of Queen Elizabeth I and in the ensuing intrigues to rescue her and place her on the throne of Elizabeth, the most famous was that of Mary's page, Anthony Babington, who plotted to assassinate Elizabeth. The conspiracy was discovered, and Mary was brought to trial in October 1586. She was sentenced to death on October 25, but not until Feb. 1, 1587 did Elizabeth sign the warrant of execution. She was beheaded a week later.

Mary married Lord Darnley Henry Stuart on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Palace. Henry (son of 4th Earl of Lennox Matthew Stuart and Margaret Douglas) was born on 7 Dec 1545 in Temple Newsam, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England; died on 9/10 Feb 1567 in Edinburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Mary's cousin, the Catholic Scottish nobleman Henry Stewart, Laird Darnley, was married with Roman Catholic rites. Mary had given him the title of King, but he now demanded that the crown be secured to him for life and that, if the queen died without children, it should descend to his heirs. Darnley was discovered strangled close by the scene of an explosion of the house where he lay sick. The explosion was by gunpowder, and Mary (it is suspected) was not wholly ignorant of the plot against Darnley.

Henry married Queen of Scots Mary Stuart on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Palace. Mary (daughter of James V King Stewart, King of Scots and Mary de Guise) was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Elizabeth Cavendish in 1574. Elizabeth died in 1581. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jane married Guilford Dudley on 15 May 1553 in Durham House, London, Middlesex, England. Guilford (son of 1st Duke of Northumberland John Dudley and Jane Guildford) was born in 1536; died on 12 Feb 1554. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married 1st Earl of Hertford Edward Seymour on 27 Nov 1560 in Hertford House, Manchester Square, London, Middlesex, England. Edward (son of 1st Duke of Somerset Edward Seymour and Anne Stanhope) was born in 1539; died in 1621. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Acceded in Scotland: 24 July 1567; Crowned in Scotland: Stirling 29 July 1567. Acceded: 24 March 1603. Crowned: Westminster Abbey 25 July 1603. Married: (proxy) Kronborg 20 Aug 1589, (in person) Oslo 23 November 1589 and again Kronborg 21 Jan 1590. James convoked the Hampton Court Conference (1604) at which he authorized a new translation of the Bible, generally called the King James Version. a.k.a.: James VI of Scotland.

James married of Denmark Anne on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne was born on 14 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle; died on 4 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Arbella married 2nd Duke of Somerset William Seymour on 22 Jun 1610 in Greenwich Palace, London, England. William (son of Lord Beauchamp of Hache Edward Seymour and Honora Rogers) was born in 1588; died on 24 Oct 1660. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Honora Rogers in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married of Palatinate, King of Czechia V Frederick on 14 Feb 1613 in Whitehall. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married of France Henrietta Maria on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, England. Henrietta was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Hotel du Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Colombe, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Arbella Stuart on 22 Jun 1610 in Greenwich Palace, London, England. Arbella (daughter of 1st Earl of Lennox Charles Stuart and Elizabeth Cavendish) was born in 1575; died on 27 Sep 1615 in Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Frances Devereux on 3 Mar 1616 in Drayton Bassett, Staffordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Duke of Brunswick Ernest Augustus. Ernest was born in 1629; died in 1698. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Bennett. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reign: (1714-1727). The first of the Hanoverian Kings; It is said that George knew no English, but recent research shows that he had a limited knowledge of the language. Thoroughly German in tastes and habits, he made periodic lengthy visits to Hanover, which always remained his primary concern, despite his dutiful efforts to attend to his new kingdom's needs. He remained unpopular in Britain, a fact that contributed to Jacobite plots to replace him with James II's son, James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender.

George married of Celle Sophia Dorothea on 22 Nov 1682 in Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany, and was divorced on 28 Dec 1694 in Hanover, Germany. Sophia was born on 5 Sep 1666 in Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany; died on 13 Nov 1726 in Castle Ahlden, Hanover, Germany; was buried in Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Elizabeth Percy on 30 May 1682. Elizabeth (daughter of 11th Earl of Northumberland Joceline Percy and Elizabeth Wriothesley) was born on 26 Jan 1667 in Petworth House, Petworth, West Sussex, England; died on 23 Nov 1722 in Northumberland House, London, Middlesex, England; was buried on 13 Dec 1722 in Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

George married of Ansbach Caroline on 22 Aug 1705 in Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Germany. Caroline was born in 1683; died in 1737. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Frederick married of Saxe-Gotha Augusta on 8 May 1736 in Chapel Royal, St. James. Augusta was born on 30 Nov 1719 in Gotha; died on 8 Feb 1772 in Carlton House. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

George III of Great Britain and Ireland, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg (r. 1760-1820), who presided over the loss of Britain's American colonies. He was also elector of Hanover (1760-1815) and by decision of the Congress of Vienna, King of Hanover (1815-20). After the dismissal of several ministers who did not satisfy him, the king found a firm supporter in Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, Prime Minister from 1770 to 1782. Lord North executed the royal policies that provoked the American Revolution. The unsuccessful conclusion of that protracted conflict forced North to resign, and during the government crisis that followed when three cabinets came and went in less than two years. The King himself was almost induced to abdicate. In 1809 the king became blind. As early as 1765 he had suffered an apparent dementia, and in 1788 his derangement recurred to such a degree that a regency bill was passed, but the king recovered the following year. In 1811 he succumbed hopelessly to this dementia and his son, later George IV, acted as a regent for the rest of his reign.

George married Charlotte (Sophia) von Mecklenburg on 8 Sep 1761 in St James Palace, Westminster, Middlesex, England. Charlotte was born on 19 May 1744 in Mirow, Mecklenburg Strelitz, Germany; died on 17 Nov 1818 in Kew Palace, Surrey, England; was buried in St. George Chap., Windsor, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]