King of Scotland Malcolm II Alpin

Family/Spouse: Edith de Ossory. Edith (daughter of Sigurd) was born about 962. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Dovada. Dovada (daughter of Sigurd) was born about 962. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Abbot of Dunkeld and Thane of the Isles and Atholl Crinan "The Thane" de Mormaer, Abbot of Dunkeld. Crinan (son of Abbot of Dunkeld, Lord of Mormaer II Duncan and Athelreda of Dunbar) was born about 975 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died in 1045 in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sibyl FitzSiward. Sibyl was born in 1014; died in 1040. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maldred married Ældgyth in 1036 in Northumberland, England. Ældgyth (daughter of Earldorman of Northumbria Ughtred "The Bold" and Ælgifu) was born about 1000 in Northumberland, England; died in 1041 in Somme, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England

Malcolm married Margaret "of Scotland" Ætheling in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "The Exile" Ætheling and Agatha Wladimirowwitsch) was born about 1045 in Castle Reka, Southern Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Malcolm married of Orkney Ingibjörg Finnsdóttir about 1059 in of Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. Ingibjörg (daughter of Jarl of Halland Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir) was born about 1031 in Osteraat, Yrje, Norway; died before 1069 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1040, Northumberland, England

Gospatric married Æthelreda in 1062 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Æthelreda (daughter of King of England Edmund II "Ironside" and Ealdgyth) was born in 1042 in Northumberland, England; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Orkney, Scotland; was buried in Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England

Family/Spouse: Princess of England Sibylla. Sibylla (daughter of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Sibyl Corbet) was born about 1097 in Domfront, Normandy, France; died on 12 Jul 1122 in Island of the Woman, Loch Tay, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

David married Maud Huntingdon in 1113. Maud (daughter of Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland Waltheof Siwardsson and of Lens Judith) was born about 1072 in Huntingdon, Northumberland, England; died on 23 Apr 1130 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Count of Boulogne and Lens Eustace III de Talvas in 1102. Eustace was born about 1059; died on 31 May 1116. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Henry (son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and of Flanders Matilda) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eldgitha married Eldred de Taillebois in 1072 in Mercia, England. Eldred (son of Earl of Anjou, 1st Baron of Kendal, Earl of Holland in Lincolnshire Ivo (Ives) de Taillebois and Ælaed) was born in 1056 in Workington, Cumberland, England; died in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron Kendal Eldred. Eldred was born in 1056 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sybil Morel. Sybil (daughter of Arkil Morel) was born in 1074 in Bearley, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Londres, 1st Lord Kidwelly. William (son of Thomas (Simon) de Londres and Sibylla de Mille) was born in 1035 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died in 1131 in Ogmore Castle, Glamorgan, Wales; was buried in Ewenny, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Ada (Adelaide) de Warenne in 1139. Ada (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1120 in Surrey, England; died in 1178 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Stephen de Blois in 1125 in Westminster, London, England. Stephen (son of Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" and Adela (Adelle)) was born about 1096 in Blois, France; died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Kent, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was designated Henry's heir, and on his death (1135), Stephen seized the throne and Matilda invaded England (1139) inaugurating a period of inconclusive civil war. She and her second husband (Geoffrey) captured Normandy and in 1152 the Treaty of Wallingford recognized Henry as Stephen's heir.

Burke says she was betrothed in her eighth year (1119) to Henry.

MATILDA (1102-1167), empress, was the daughter of Henry I of England by his first marriage. She was betrothed in 1109 and married in 1114 to the German emperor Henry V. When her husband died (1125) leaving her childless, her father, whose only surviving legitimate child she then was, persuaded his reluctant barons to accept her, on oath, as his successor (Jan. 1, 1127). The novel prospect of a female ruler was itself unwelcome; Matilda's 17-year absence in Germany (where she was not unpopular) and her apparent arrogance estranged her from her father's subjects. Difficulties also might result from her remarriage to provide for the succession. Her marriage in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, heir to Anjou and Maine (designed by Henry I, like her first marriage, for political ends), whose father, Count Fulk, departed immediately after the ceremony to become the consort of Melisende of Jerusalem, flouted the barons' stipulation that she should not marry outside England without their consent, and was unpopular in Normandy and England. On Henry I's death, his nephew Stephen by prompt action secured England and was recognized by Pope Innocent II. Matilda and Geoffrey, however, made some headway in Normandy. Matilda's subsequent challenge to Stephen's position in England mainly depended on the support of her half-brother Earl Robert of Gloucester. After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln (Feb. 1141), Matilda was elected "lady of the English" and would have been queen could she have proceeded to coronation, but active support for her cause still came mainly from the western counties. Her chance of consolidating her precarious victory was swiftly destroyed by a reaction imitated by her tactless handling of London. After her defeat at Winchester in Sept. 1141, her supporters, slowly reduced by death and defection, maintained a stubborn defense until Earl Robert died (1147) and Matilda retired (1148) to Normandy, of which her husband had gained possession. She continued to interest herself in the government of the territories of her eldest son, the future Henry II of England. Her career was not entirely unsuccessful: all the subsequent monarchs of England have been her descendants, not Stephen's. She died in Normandy on Sept. 10, 1167.

Died:
Abbey of Notre Dame de Pres, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France

Matilda married Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, France. Geoffrey (son of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Château-du-Loir, Eure-et-Loire, Normandy, France; was buried in St Julian's Church, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Holy Roman Emperor V Henry on 7 Jan 1113 in Mainz, Germany. V (son of Holy Roman Emperor IV Heinrich and Bertha de Savoy) was born on 11 Aug 1086; died on 23 May 1125 in Utrecht. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: William "The Atheling"
• Birth: 5 Aug 1103, Winchester, Hampshire, England
• Death: 25 Nov 1120

Family/Spouse: Matilda d'Anjou. Matilda (daughter of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born in 1111; died in 1154. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gunnild married Uchtred de Molle about 1144 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Uchtred was born in 1125 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 22 Sep 1174 in Loch Fergus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Christiana. Christiana was born in 1073 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 1128, Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

Maurice married Margaret Verch Caradog in 1099 in Scotland. Margaret was born in 1065 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland; died in 1103 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV in 1160. Conan (son of Alan "The Black" of Penthièvre and of Brittany Bertha of Cornouaille, Duchess of Brittany) was born in 1138; died on 20 Feb 1171. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Lord of Trowbridge Constable of England III in Apr 1175 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. Humphrey (son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Baron of Trowbridge II and Margaret de Gloucester) was born in 1144 in Bromyard, Herefordshire, England; died in Dec 1181 in Brosse, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Hempsted, City of Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maude "of Chester" de Kevelioc. Maude (daughter of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born in 1171 in Chester, Chestershire, England; died on 6 Jan 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Born in 1143, William the Lion was the younger brother of Malcolm IV. A year after his accession, he went to Normandy with Henry II and later spent Easter 1170 at Windsor. In 1174, however, he joined Henry II's son in his rebellion against his father, and invaded England. He was captured at Alnwick, Northumberland and brought to Henry II with 'his feet shackled beneath the belly of his horse.' He was then held prisoner first in Yorkshire, later at Northampton and finally in France. He was released by the terms of the Treaty of Falaise of 8 December 1174, having been forced to agree to do homage to Henry II 'for Scotland and for all his other lands', and surrender key Scottish castles such as Edinburgh and Stirling.

As William's feudal lord, Henry now had the right to arrange his marriage, and he gave him Ermengarde de Beaumont, whose father was the son of an illegitimate daughter of Henry I. William eventually recovered Scotland from the English king's feudal overlordship, however, when Henry II was succeeded by Richard I. Richard, determined to raise money for his third Crusade, surrendered his feudal superiority over Scotland for 10,000 merks by the Quitclaim of Canterbury on 5 December 1189 and Scotland was an independent country once more. In 1196-7, William established his sovereignty in Caithness.

Under William, the development of feudal institutions continued; in part, the Scottish monarchy's government closely resembled England's. William established royal burghs in eastern Scotland up to moray Firth, and extended the use of sheriffs in the same area. Perth and Stirling became major centres of royal administration.

William I was a vigorous royal patron of the Scottish Church - he founded Arbroath Abbey, Angus in or before 1178. In 1182 Pope Lucius III sent him the Golden Rose and in 1188 Pope Clement III took the Scottish Church under his special protection. In 1192, the Pope granted a Bull to William that recognised the separate identity of the Scottish Church (previously the Church in Scotland had been brought under the authority of the Archbishop of York), and its independence of all ecclesiastical authorities apart from Rome. Gervase of Canterbury described William as 'a man of outstanding sanctity ... much preferring to have peace than the sword and to provide for his people by wisdom rather than iron'. William died at Stirling on 4 December 1214, aged 71, and was buried at Arbroath

Family/Spouse: William de Say. William (son of William de Say and Beatrice de Mandeville) was born about 1126 in Kimbolton, Norfolk, England; died before 1 Aug 1177. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marie married Count of Boulogne Matthew d'Alsace in 1160. Matthew (son of Duke of Alsace, Count of Flanders III Thierry and Sibylla d'Anjou) was born about 1137 in Flanders, Belgium; died on 25 Jul 1173 in Battle of Driencourt. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Count of Meulan Earl of Worcester Waleran de Beaumont in 1136. Waleran (son of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1104 in Beaumont, Normandy, France; died on 4 Oct 1166. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne about 1149. Isabel (daughter of 3rd Earl of Surrey William III de Warenne and Adela d'Alencon) was born in 1137 in Surrey, England; died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostilities with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy.

Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of the Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffrey the Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestuous, and both parties were glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going to England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritage for young Henry.

He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made her dramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across the ice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. His next visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited a small army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, but failed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended up borrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, two years later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, his were skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimes frightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, of which his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of his father's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him.

Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great deal for the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in their lives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford, and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, she would bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in her own right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit and win, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees in the south.

Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He was intelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write; immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who loved travel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages; carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to conceal his baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned not to grow fat.

But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with a large force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gained control of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucial battle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because in the preparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, a bad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, a cheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxious advisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parley privately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there were only two of them there, at the narrowest point of the Thames, with Henry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to have come to an agreement to take negotiations further.

That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry an heir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced his faithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soon confirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule in his place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry and Eleanor were crowned in London.

Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensed castles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handed justice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked by civil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, when guerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killed him; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changed from being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162.

The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination to continue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in the country. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royal justices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal local systems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 and Northampton in 1176, he got his council's agreement to a series of measures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with the widest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel, too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like a modern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, the assize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system.

Henry traveled constantly, and much of the time in his Continental territories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usually inspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keep the integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this was no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King of France which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again did homage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine and Brittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henry crowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession, surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the world onto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had no intention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title does not rest until he has that title's power.

Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland - escaping from the world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas at Dublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish.

Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them to revolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to the French court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henry clamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilst he was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland, and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen broke into revolt.

Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealing with the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned to England, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town he walked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and went to keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming out to relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monks of Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, but some with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five.

It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry was brought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He moved quickly northwards, receiving rebels' submission all the time. He met up with Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My other sons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true and legitimate son.'

Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis and his three rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though still no share of power.

Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, and quickly proved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats, such as capturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls and moats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue - they loved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, shows well in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents and pavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the field knights and horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken and overwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with a line of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of different hues, shields that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and wounded roving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of naught but the breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find no such savor in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout "On! On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; and in seeing men great and small go down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'

These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry. He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless and thoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the serious business of government. Then in the middle of his new rebellion he caught dysentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck --one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out.

The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was not going to rush into making a new one. He called his favorite youngest son, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into his brother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favorite -- had made Aquitaine his home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused to give his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself.

Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned against himself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bring her to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King of France, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories, all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to be planning a joint crusade.

In 1188 Henry, already ill with the abscessed anal fistula that was to cause him such an agonizing death, refused point blank to recognize Richard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was at the root of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking he was playing his usual canny hand.

But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June 1189, Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and he was forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curses on God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, his usual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physical condition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to his aid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be held on his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to their every condition for peace.

Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news that John, for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons-- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it was his bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There was not even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over and again he cried out in agony "Shame! shame on a vanquished king!"

After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt and drawers. When the marshal came to arrange the burial he had to scratch around for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare gold edging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent his sovereignty.

And yet Henry had foreseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he had long before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: the picture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourth perched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time should come. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry married Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William X "The Toulousan" and Eleanor Chatellerault de Rochefoucald) was born about 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rosamond de Clifford. Rosamond (daughter of Walter I de Clifford and Margaret de Toeni) was born in 1136 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Gartley, Great Chamberalain Walter de Berkeley. Walter was born about 1136 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland; died about 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Godith FitzReinsfred. Godith (daughter of Fulk FitzReinsfred and Alice St. Quintin) was born about 1091 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Eschelyn de Molle in 1106 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Eschelyn was born in 1085 in Molle, Durham, England; died in 1147 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Earl of Bretagne. Earl of Richmond Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany II in Jul 1181. Geoffrey (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, Seine, France; was buried in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married 4th Earl of Chester Ranulph de Blundeville on 3 Feb 1186/87. Ranulph (son of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born about 1172 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died in 1232; was buried in St. Werburgs, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of Essex Maud de Mandeville. Maud (daughter of 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers and Beatrix de Say) was born in 1177 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 27 Aug 1236 in of Warwick, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick before 1190. Waleran (son of 2nd Earl of Warwick Roger de Beaumont and Gundred de Warenne) was born in 1153 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Galloway Alan FitzRoland. Alan was born about 1175; died in 1234; was buried in Dundrennan Abbey, Galloway, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrix married 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers before 25 Jan 1184/85 in Essex, England. Geoffrey (son of Piers de Lutgareshale and Maud de Mandeville) was born before 1163 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 14 Oct 1213 in Walden, Essex, , England; was buried in Shouldham Priory, Downham, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Boclande. William (son of Hugh de Boclande and Maud de Mandeville) was born about 1155 in Westoning, Bedfordshire, England; died in 1216. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Brabant I Henry in 1179. I (son of Count of Leuven and Brussels, Landgraves of Brabant III Godfrey and of Limburg Margaret) was born in 1165 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium; died on 5 Sep 1235 in Colonge, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Auxonne and Traves Stephen (Etienne) de Macon, II. Stephen (son of Count of Macon and Auxonne William (Guillaume) de Macon, III and Poncette de Treves) was born about 1122 in France; died after 21 Jul 1173. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Crowned in 1170.

Stammtafeln says married 21 Aug 1172.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Capet. Margaret (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born in Nov 1157; died about Sep 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at a tournament by his horse.

Geoffrey married Duchess of Brittany Constance in Jul 1181. Constance (daughter of Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV and Margaret de Huntingdon) was born about 1161; died on 5 Sep 1201 in Nantes, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married King of Castile VIII Alfonso on 21 Sep 1177 in Burgos Cathedral, Castile, Spain. VIII (son of King of Castile III Sancho and of Navarre Blanche) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Castile, Spain; died on 5 Oct 1214 in Avevalo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Saxony And Bavaria V Henry on 1 Feb 1167 in Minden Cathedral, Saxony, Germany. V was born in 1129 in Ravensburg, Donau, Wuerttemberg, Germany; died on 6 Aug 1195 in Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede.

His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possessions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160.

King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.

Matthew Paris wrote, 'Foul as it is, hell itself is defiled by the presence of King John', and this pretty well sums up John's reputation--until 1944, that is. For in that year Professor Galbraith demonstrated in a lecture to an astonished world that the chief chronicle source for the reign of John was utterly unreliable. Since then bad King John has been getting better and better, until now he is nearly well again, and a leading scholar in the field has seriously warned us that the twentieth century could well create it own John myth.

A man who can create so many myths, or rather have them created about him, is clearly outstanding in some way, but the myths hide the truth. Plainly the chroniclers who invented stories about him after his death can tell us little, and we should not take too much notice of people who condemned John for carrying out his father's (and his brother's officials') policies and administrative routines, nor indeed those who condemned him because of the bitter troubles that happened in the succeeding reign, troubles which were in no means entirely of John's making. Recent historians have turned to the administrative records of his reign, and found there a very different picture; but still the lingering doubts remain--were these records the result of John's skill and application or of those of his able staff?

John was a paunchy little man, five feet five inches tall, with erect head, staring eyes, flaring nostrils and thick lips set in a cruel pout, as his splendid monument at Worcester shows. He had the tempestuous nature of all his family, and a driving demoniac energy: Professor Barlow says that 'he prowled around his kingdom, ' which is an evocative phrase, but it would be truer to say that he raced around it. He was fastidious about his person--taking more baths than several other medieval kings put together, and owning the ultimate in luxury, for that time, a dressing-gown. He loved good food and drink, and gambled a great deal, though he usually lost--the results of his typical impatience and carelessness are recorded on his expense rolls; above all things he loved women. Some say his 'elopement' was the cause of his loss of Normandy. He was generous to the poor (for instance, he remitted to them the penalties of the forest law), and to his servants; at the least he went through the motions of being a Christian king. He was extortionate, though if one considers the terrific increase in his outgoings (a mercenary soldier cost him 200 per cent more in wages than he would have in Henry II's day) one can understand some of his actions in the field. He was deeply concerned about justice, took care to attend to court business, and listened to supplicants with sympathy; he had also an urgent desire for peace in the land, saying that his peace was to be observed 'even if we have granted it to a dog.' But for all that, he had two totally unredeeming vices; he was suspicious, and enjoyed a cloak-and-dagger atmosphere--simply he did not inspire trust in his subjects. Dr. Warren says of him with some justice that if he had lived in the twentieth century he would have adored to run a secret police.

He was born at Oxford on Christmas Eve 1167. He was oblated for a monk at the abbey of Fontevrault at the age of one year, but was back at court by the time he was six--plainly he had no vocation, but he probably picked up at this early stage his fastidiousness and his passion for books: his library followed him wherever he went. He was his father's favorite, but he turned against the old man when his chance came, as he did against Richard (who had been very generous to his brother) when the latter was in captivity in 1193. The episode was a miserable failure, but it possibly sowed the seeds of distrust for John in England, where they began to sprout luxuriantly in 1199 when Richard died and John came to the throne.

Immediately the challenge came: Philip Augustus, the wily King of France, was backing John's nephew, Prince Arthur of Brittany (son of John's elder brother Geoffrey) as a contender for the throne, and England's French possessions fell prey to civil war. John found grave difficultly in dealing with the situation for a number of reasons, but in 1202 he made the remarkable coup of capturing Arthur by force-marching his troops eighty miles in forty-eight hours; but then his prosecution of the war became listless, and he lost much sympathy by his brutal murder of Arthur whilst in a drunken rage. By 1204 Normandy was lost.

The loss of Normandy seemed to wake John up, and he now deployed his every energy in building up the coastal defenses of Britain, now faced with an enemy the other side of the Channel, instead of just more of her own territory. The navy was built up, and the army, and John poured a quarter of his annual revenue into defense. But he could not persuade the baronage to support him in a counterstroke to regain Normandy: the barons of the north country had never owned land in Normandy and did not see why they should pay to regain southerner's castles for them. These 'Northerners' as they called themselves, were a hive of discontent, and more was to be heard from them. Meanwhile, John sailed angrily about in the Channel, cursing ineffectually.

Other troubles were to come first, however. In 1205 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walker, died, and John assumed that he would have the choice of the new archbishop. However, Pope Innocent III was no man to support secular control over church appointments, and supported the right of the monks of Canterbury to select their own archbishop. For two years the storms blew between England and Rome, then Stephen Langton was appointed. Meanwhile John had driven the monks into exile and appropriated the revenues of the archdiocese. He had fallen out also with his half-brother, Geoffrey Archbishop or York, over tax-collection, and he too fled abroad while John collected his revenues. Four bishops joined in his fight--tension was growing to the snapping point. In 1208 the Pope put an Interdict on England, which in effect meant the clergy went on strike, or, in certain cases and areas, worked to rule. John began negotiations with Innocent, but, finding that he demanded unconditional surrender, stopped them and took over all ecclesiastical properties and incomes. He did leave the clergy sufficient to live, though barely; but he still gained a large increment to his usual finances. In November 1209 the Pope took the final step of excommunicating the King, which, in that it made him an outlaw in Christendom, did far more damage than the Interdict.

John used his enlarged treasury to restore order in Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and to rebuild the old alliance with Otto IV of Germany and the Count of Flanders against Philip Augustus. He planned a two-pronged attack on France, to take place in 1212. But that year turned out an unlucky one for John, for the barons again refused to serve abroad, and the army he had was needed to put down a revolt in Wales; the Pope was threatening to demote him, and Philip Augustus was planning a massive invasion of England. John had to give in in one direction, for the pressure was much too great: he chose the Pope, and wisely so. He agreed to return to the status quo in the matter of church property and establishment, and to pay compensation; he further resigned his kingdom into the hands of the Pope, to receive it back in return for his homage and an annual tribute of 1,000 marks (a mark being two-thirds of a pound].

He had won a notable ally in Innocent III, who supported him faithfully throughout his troubles. Then his fleet, his own creation, had the good luck to find the French fleet at anchor and unprotected, destroyed it, and so made a French invasion impossible. On the crest of a wave, John determined to put his two-pronged invasion plan into action, but once more the northern barons refused to play, and he set off to punish them. Stephen Langton had arrived on the scene by now and managed to persuade John not to provoke the barons further.

In 1214 he finally managed to put his long cherished plan into action, but the two attacks were not properly coordinated; Otto was defeated at Bovines, and John was deserted by his Protein knights.

In 1215 John faced a baronage in turmoil: they could point to the failure of his expensive schemes, he ascribed his failure to their total lack of support. The situation could not be more tense. John's nervousness can be seen in his taking of the cross, a blatant attempt to reinforce his alliance with the papacy. In April the Northerners met at Stamford; they were by now a mixture of northerners and southerners--the name was now merely a nickname--but by and large they were the younger element in the kingdom, roughnecks out for a spree. They moved south and were let into London by a faction, and received the expected encouragement from Philip Augustus in the form of siege engines brought over by one Eustace, a renegade monk turned pirate.

John offered arbitration, but the barons turned it down, and while he put his faith in an appeal to Rome, Stephen Langton, in cooperation with William Marshal and other more stable and sensible barons, were working on the Northerners' demands to incorporate them into a general charter, which would not only govern feudal relationships, but would also lay down a more general pattern of legality in government. On 15 June John fixed his seal to the draft of Magna Carat, and on 19 June attested copies were sent to all parts of the kingdom.

The King did his part thoroughly, though for how long he would have continued is another matter, but the barons continued to distrust him. They remained in arms, organizing tournaments as their excuse, saying that the prize would be 'a bear a certain lady would send.' This was civil war, and John took to it with a fiendish glee. He reduced the north and the east, and was about to mop up the remainder of the opposition in London when Philip Augustus' son Louis landed in force to help the barons (May 1216). John had been riding hard for months, and was sick with dysentery after a bout of over-eating; whilst crossing the Wash, the whole of his baggage-train was lost. At Newark Castle on 18 October, he died, desiring to be buried near his patron saint Wolfsan in Worcester Cathedral.

He was by no means a good man, and his energies could well have been put to a better use, but in a different situation he might well have made a great king. His constant failure was discipline, over himself first, and others second. John reminds me of nothing so much as the type of person who is brilliant in many ways, and has many gifts, but leaves after two terms 'not suited to teaching in this type of school.' [Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

John married Countess of Angoulême Isabella Taillefer on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Count of Angoulême Aymer Taillefer and Alix Courtenay) was born in 1188 in Angoumé, Landes, Aquitaine, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Countess of Gloucester Isabel FitzRobert on 19 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. Isabel (daughter of 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert and Hawise de Beaumont) was born about 1165 in Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Gather de Ferrers in 1188. Gather (daughter of 3rd Earl of Derby William de Ferrers and Sybil de Braose) was born in 1168 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England; died on 4 Sep 1201 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Adela de Warenne. Adela (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1164 in Surrey, England; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Suzanne de Warenne about 1186. Suzanne (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1166 in Surrey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Burke says born 1155 died 1156.

Notes:

Reigned 1189-1199. Prisoner in Germany 1192-1194.

A hero of Medieval legends spent all but 6 months of his reign abroad. He became Duke of Aquitaine in 1168 and of Poitiers in 1172. He joined the 3rd crusade in 1189 and conquered Messina and Cyprus before arriving in the Holy Land. His victory at Arsuf gained Joppa (1191). On his way home he was captured in Austria and was only released by Emperor Henry VI after payment of an enormous ransom (1194). He returned briefly to England but died in France.

Richard married of Navarre Berengaria on 12 May 1191 in Chapel of St George, Limasol, Cyprus. Berengaria (daughter of King of Navarre Sancho VI "The Wise") was born in 1163 in Pamplona, Spain; died after 1230 in l'Epau Abbey, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of the Vexin Alys Capet. Alys (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born on 4 Oct 1160; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died in childbirth, having been veiled a nun on her deathbed.

Birth:
Angers Castle, Anjou, France

Joan married King of Toulouse VI Raymond in 1179/1196. VI was born in 1149/1168; died in 1222. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married King of Sicily William in 1179/1188. William was born in 1148/1168; died in 1189. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Longespee became Earl of Salisbury in right of his wife. In the beginning of King John's reign this nobleman was sheriff of Wiltshire, he was afterwards warden of the marches of Wales, and then sheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon. About this period (14th John)[1213], the baronial contest commencing, William Longespee at once espoused the royal cause and maintained it so stoutly that he was included by the barons amongst the evil councilors of the crown. The next year he was again constituted sheriff of Wilts and he held the office from that time during the remainder of his life. He had also grant of the honor of Eye, in Suffolk, and was the same year a witness to the agreement made between King John and the barons as guarantee forth former. He was likewise a witness to the charter whereby John resigned his kingdom to the Pope. After this we find him a principal leader in the royal army until the very close of John's reign, when he swerved in his loyalty and joined, for a short period, the ranks of Lewis of France. Upon the accession, however, of Henry III [1216], he did homage to that monarch, particularly for the county of Somerset, which the king then gave him; and joining with William Marshall. governor of the king and kingdom, raised the siege of Lincoln when he was constituted sheriff of Lincolnshire and governor of Lincoln Castle, being invested at the same time with sheriff of the co. of Somerset, and governorship of the castle of Shirburne. His lordship soon afterwards accompanied the Earl of Chester to the Holy Land, and was at the battle of Damieta, in which the crescent triumphed. He served subsequently in the Gascon wars, whence returning to England, Dugdale relates, "there arose so great a tempest at sea that, despairing of life, he threw his money and rich apparel overboard. But when all hopes were passed, they discerned mighty taper of wax burning bright at the prow of the ship and beautiful woman standing by it who preserved it from wind and rain so that it gave a clear and bright luster. Upon sight of which heavenly vision both himself and the mariners concluded of their future security, but everyone there being ignorant what this vision might portend except the earl, he, however, attributed it to the benignity of the blessed virgin by reason that, upon the day when he was honored with the girdle of knighthood, he brought a taper to her altar to be lighted ever day at mass when the canonical hours used to be sung, and to the intent that, for this terrestrial light, he might enjoy that which is eternal. "Arumour, however, reached England of the earls having been lost, and Hubert de Burgh, with the concurrence of the king, provided a suitor for his supposed widow, but the lady, in the interim, having received letters from her husband, rejected the suit with indignation. The earl soon after came to the king at Marlborough and, being received with great joy, he preferred a strong complaint against Hubert de Burgh, adding that, unless the king would do him right therein, he should vindicate himself otherwise to the disturbance of the public peace. Hubert, however, appeased his wrath with rich presents, and invited him to his table, where it is asserted that he was poisoned, for he retired to his castle of Salisbury in extreme illness and died almost immediately after, anno 1226. His lordship left issue, four sons and five daus., viz., William, his successor; Richard, a canon of Salisbury; Stephen, Justiciary of Ireland; Nicholas, bishop of Salisbury; Isabel, m. to William de Vesci; Ela, m. 1st, to Thomas, Earl of Warwick, and 2ndly to Philip Basset, of Hedendon; Idonea, m. to William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford; Lora, a nun at Lacock; and Ela, jun., m. to William de Odingsells. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 167, d'Evereux, Earls of Salisbury]

----------

I have attached William to Rosamund Clifford as that is how it is shown by Brian Tompsett at Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, although he provides the following notes: "The House of Clifford, Chapter 5: Much controversy surrounds the identity of the Mother of William, for Rosamund was not the king's only mistress, though there are many who believe she was. Those who dispute Rosamund's claim base their case on the disparity in the ages of all concerned, but there is other evidence as well which can not be ignored. Unfortunately, the records date neither the birth of Rosamund nor that of her father, or her reputed sons. Documents also indicate an Ida, and an Ykenai as his mother. Died on Crusade."

----------

William Longsword, 3rd earl of Salisbury, Longsword also spelled LONGESPEE (d. March 7, 1226, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng.), an illegitimate son of Henry II of England, and a prominent baron, soldier, and administrator under John and Henry III. He acquired his lands and title from Richard I, who in 1196 gave him the hand of the heiress Ela, or Isabel, daughter of William, earl of Salisbury. He held numerous official positions in England under John.

He was sent on missions to France (1202) and to Germany (1209). In 1213-14 he organized John's Flemish allies, taking part in the destruction (1213)of the French fleet at Damme, then the port of Bruges, and leading the right wing of the allied army at Bouvines (July 27, 1214), where he was captured. He was exchanged and was back in England by May 1215, when he was employed by John in inspecting the defenses of royal castles and fighting the rebels in the southwest.

During John's war against the barons, Salisbury deserted the king after the landing of Louis of France (May 1216); he returned to royal allegiance, however, by March 1217, fought at Lincoln (May) and Sandwich (August), and attested the Treaty of Kingston (September 1217).Salisbury held various posts during the minority of Henry III and served against the Welsh in 1223 and in Gascony in 1225. He and his wife were benefactors of Salisbury Cathedral and laid foundation stones of the new cathedral in 1220. William was buried there and his effigy, a splendid early example, still survives. [Britannica CD '97]

William married Countess of Salisbury Ela FitzPatrick in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of 2nd Earl of Salisbury William FitzPatrick and Eleanor de Vitre) was born in 1187/1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Ingelram (Ingram) de Baillol about 1195 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland. Ingelram was born in 1167 in Harcourt, Eure, Normandy, France; died in 1244 in Tours-en-Vimeu, Pickardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rohese de Romara. Rohese (daughter of 1st Earl of Lincoln William de Romara and Hawyse de Redvers) was born about 1120 in Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Gundred de Warenne about 1154. Gundred (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1109 in Surrey, Surrey, England; died about 1166 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eschyna married Walter FitzAlan, 1st Great Steward of Scotland in 1131 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Walter (son of Alan FitzFlaad, Lord of Oswestry and Aveline De Hespine) was born in 1106 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died on 2 Feb 1177 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; was buried in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maud de Lusignan. Maud (daughter of Count of Eu Raoul de Lusignan and Alice d'Eu) was born in 1168/1211; died on 14 Aug 1241. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron of Hanslape William de Mauduit. William (son of Robert de Mauduit) was born about 1196 in Hanslape, Buckinghamshire, England; died in Apr 1257. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Gloucester and Sussex. Mortally wounded at a tournament.

Geoffrey married Countess of Gloucester Isabel FitzRobert before 1216. Isabel (daughter of 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert and Hawise de Beaumont) was born about 1165 in Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 1st Earl of Hereford Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Constable of England V. Henry (son of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Lord of Trowbridge Constable of England III and Margaret de Huntingdon) was born in Apr 1176 in Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England; died on 1 Jun 1220 in Bur Llanthony Priory, Gloucestershire, England; was buried in Hempsted, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William d'Avranches. William (son of Simon d'Avranches and Cecilia de Criol) was born about 1186 in Folkstone, Kent, England; died in 1263. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married Marie von Hohenstaufen on 9 Feb 1206/07. Marie (daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Philip II von Hohenstaufen and Princess of Byzantine Empire Irene Angelina) was born on 3 Apr 1201 in Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy; died in 1235 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrx de Chalons. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Blanche married King of France Louis VIII "The Lion" Capet on 23 May 1200 in Bapaume, Normandy, France. Louis (son of King of France Philip II Augustus Capet and Isabella d'Hainaut) was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris, Seine, France; died on 7 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Berengaria married King of Leon IX Alphonso in 1197 in Valladolid, Castilla-Leon, Spain. IX (son of King of Leon Ferdinand Burgundy, II and of Portugal Urraca) was born on 15 Aug 1171 in Zamora, Leon, Spain; died on 24 Sep 1230 in Villanueva de Sarria, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Leonor married King of Aragon Jaime I "The Conqueror" on 6 Feb 1220/21 in Ágreda, Soria, Castilla-Leon, Spain. Jaime (son of King of Aragon Pedro II "The Catholic" Berenguer and of Montpellier Maria) was born in 1208; died in 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Others suggest her mother was Clemantina, the wife of Henry Pinel.

Joan married on 16 Apr 1205 in Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Llywelyn Fawr ap Iowerth, Prince of Wales on 16 Apr 1205 in Chester, Cheshire, England. Llywelyn (son of Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain and Margaret verch Madog) was born in 1173 in Dolyddelan, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Caernarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronial discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renounced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Henry ceded much of his power to his son. Burke say he was born 10 Oct 1206 and married 14 Jan, crowned 1216.

Buried:
Fontevraud-l'Abbaye

Died:
Age: 65

Henry married Eleanor Berenguer on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Count of Provence Ramon IV Berenguer and Beatrice de Savoy) was born in 1223 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; died on 24 Jun 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Richard was very wealthy and used it to be elected Holy Roman Emperor. His reign was not of any substance-pretty much symbolic. Late in life he gave up hope of ever actually ruling.

Richard married Isabel Marshal on 30 Mar 1231 in St Mary's Church, Fawley, Buckinghamshire, England. Isabel (daughter of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Birkhampstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Beaulieu, New Forest District, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Sanchia Berenguer on 23 Nov 1243 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Sanchia (daughter of Count of Provence Ramon IV Berenguer and Beatrice de Savoy) was born about 1228; died on 9 Nov 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married Emperor of Germany II Frederick on 20 Jul 1235 in Worms Cathedral, Germany. II was born on 26 Dec 1194; died on 13 Dec 1250. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Despite taking a vow of perpetual chastity on widowhood she married Simon de Montford!

Eleanor married 2nd Earl of Pembroke William Marshal on 23 Apr 1224 in New Temple Church, London, England. William (son of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born about 1190 in Normandy, France; died on 6 Apr 1231 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried on 15 Apr 1231 in Temple Church, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married 6th Earl of Leicester Simon V de Montfort on 7 Jan 1238 in Kings Chapel, Palace of Westminster, England. Simon (son of Count of Toulouse, Earl of Leicester, Viscount of Carcassonne, Duke of Narbonne Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester IV and Alice de Montmorency) was born on 23 May 1208 in Montfort-l'Amaury, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; died on 4 Aug 1265 in Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Stephen married Emmeline de Ridelisford about 1244. Emmeline (daughter of Walter de Ridelisford and Annora) was born in 1216 in Kildare, Ireland; died in 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William de Longespee, eldest son of William, Earl of Salisbury, "commonly called," says Sir William Dugdale, by Matthew Paris, and most of our other historians, Earl of Salisbury, but erroneous, for all records wherein mention is made of his do not give him that title, but called him barely William Longespee. Nay, there is an old chronicle who saith expressly, that, in anno 12233 (17th Henry III), he was girt with the sword of knighthood, but not made Earl of Salisbury." This William made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1240, and again in 1247, having assumed the cross for a second pilgrimage, proceeded to Rome, and thus preferred a suit to the sovereign pontiff. "Sir, you see that I am signed with the cross and am on my journey with the King of France to fight in this pilgrimage. My name is great and of note, viz., William Longespee, but my estate is slender, for the king of England, my kinsman and liege lord, hath bereft me of the title of earl and of that estate, but this he did judiciously, and not in displeasure, and by the impulse of his will; therefore I do not blame him for it. Howbeit, I am necessitated to have recourse to your holiness for favor, desiring your assistance in this distress. We see here (quoth he) that Earl Richard (of Cornwall)who, though he is not signed with the cross, yet, through the especial grace of your holiness, he hath got very much money from those who are signed, and therefore, I, who am signed and in want, do in treat the like favor. "The pope taking into consideration the elegance of his manner, the efficacy of his reasoning, and the comeliness of his person, conceded in part what he desire; whereupon he received above 1,000 marks from those who had been so signed. In about two years after this, anno 1249, having received the blessing of his noble mother, Ela, then abbess of Lacock, he commenced his journey at the head of a company of 200 English horse and, being received with great respect by the king of France, joined that monarch's army. In Palestine he became subsequently pre-eminently distinguished and fell, in 1250, in a great conflict with the Saracens, near Damieta, having previously kill above 100 of the enemy with his own hand. It was reported that, the bight before the battle, his mother Ela, the abbess, saw in a vision the heavens open and her son armed at all parts (whose shield she well knew), received with joy by the angels. Remembering the occurrence when the news of his death reached herein six months after, she held up her hands, and, with a cheerful countenance, said, "I, thy handmaid, give thanks to thee, O Lord, that out of my sinful flesh thou hast caused such a champion against thine enemies to be born." It was also said that, in 1252, when messengers were sent to the Soldan of Babylon for redemption of those who had been taken prisoner, he thus addressed them -- "I marvel at you, Christians, who reverence the bones of the dead, why you inquire not for those of the renowned and right noble William Longespee, because there be many things reported of them (whether fabulous or not I cannot say), viz., that, in the dark of the night there have been appearances at his tomb, and that to some, who called upon his God, many things were bestowed from Heaven. For which cause, and in regard of his great worth and nobility of birth, we have caused his body to be here entombed." Whereupon the messenger desiring it, the remains were delivered to them by the Soldan, and thence conveyed to Acre where they were buried in the church of St. Cross. This eminent and heroic personage m. Idonea, dau. and heir of Richard de Camville, and had issue, William de Longespee, his son and heir. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 168, d'Evereux, Earls of Salisbury]

Family/Spouse: William Beauchamp. William (son of Simon Beauchamp Baron of Bedford, II) was born in 1187 in Essex, England; died in 1262. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Age: 81

Eleanor married 6th Baron Percy William de Percy about 1234 in Red Castle, Angushire, Scotland. William (son of Henry de Percy and Isabel de Brus) was born in 1183 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died before 28 Jul 1245 in Salley Abbey, England; was buried in Sutton-in-Craven, North Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helewise de Lancaster. Helewise (daughter of Baron Kendall William Lancaster and Helwise de Stuteville) was born in 1182 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Creke. Robert (son of Robert de Creke) was born in 1163 in North Creke, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helwise de Stuteville. Helwise (daughter of Robert IV de Stuteville and Helewise Mudac) was born in 1165 in Cumberland, England; died in 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alan married Margaret De Galloway in 1175 in Carrick, Ayrshire, , Scotland. Margaret was born in 1130 in East Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1182 in East Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alan married Alesta de Morggan de Mar in 1165 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alesta (daughter of Morggan MacGylocher, Mormaer and Earl De Mar and Agnes De Warenne) was born on 1 Jan 1150 in Mar, Aberdeenshire, , Scotland; died on 1 Jan 1210 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester about 1250. Roger (son of Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester IV and Margaret de Beaumont) was born about 1195 in Winchester, Hamptonshire, England; died on 25 Apr 1264 in Buckley, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eleanor de Braose. Eleanor (daughter of Lord of Abergavenny William V de Braose and Eva Marshal) was born in 1218/1238; died in 1253/1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married William Beauchamp in 1231/1258. William (son of Walcheline Beauchamp) was born in 1210 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England; died in 1269 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maud de Lusignan. Maud (daughter of Count of Eu Raoul de Lusignan and Alice d'Eu) was born in 1168/1211; died on 14 Aug 1241. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hamon de Crevequer. Hamon (son of Robert de Crevequer) was born about 1220 in Leeds Castle, Kent, England; died on 6 Apr 1263 in Folkstone, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

III married of Bourgogne Alix about 1250 in Bourgogne, Marne, France. Alix (daughter of Duke of Burgundy IV Hugh and Yolande de Dreux) was born about 1235 in Bourgogne, France; died on 23 Oct 1273. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilde married Count of Artois Robert I Capet on 14 Jun 1237. Robert (son of King of France Louis VIII "The Lion" Capet and of Castile Blanche) was born in Sep 1216; died on 9 Feb 1249/50. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Seneshal of Champagne Simon de Joinville. Simon was born about 1200 in Dublin, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Matilde de Brabant on 14 Jun 1237. Matilde (daughter of Duke of Brabant II Henry and Marie von Hohenstaufen) was born in 1224 in Brabant, France; died on 29 Sep 1288 in Artois, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Marguerite Berenguer in 1234 in Sens, Yvonne, France. Marguerite (daughter of Count of Provence Ramon IV Berenguer and Beatrice de Savoy) was born about 1221 in St Maime, Alpes, France; died on 21 Dec 1295 in Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrice Berenguer. Beatrice (daughter of Count of Provence Ramon IV Berenguer and Beatrice de Savoy) was born in 1234 in Provence, France; died on 12 Jul 1267. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

III married Countess of Ponthieu Johanna in 1237 in Burgos, Castile, Spain. Johanna (daughter of Count of Dammartin II Simon and Countess of Ponthieu Marie) was born in 1197/1223; died on 15 Mar 1278/79. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

III married Beatrice (Elizabeth) von Hohenstaufen on 30 Nov 1219. Beatrice (daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Philip II von Hohenstaufen and Princess of Byzantine Empire Irene Angelina) was born in 1198; died in 1235. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married III Walter de Clifford in 1232 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. Walter (son of Sheriff of Hereford Walter II de Clifford and Lady of Cavenby Agnes de Condet) was born about 1187 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1263 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Lord of Bramber and Gower John de Braose in 1219 in Wales. John (son of Lord Bramber William IV The Younger de Braose and Maud de Clere) was born about 1197 in of Bramber, Sussex, Eng and Gower, Wales; died on 18 Jul 1232 in Bramber, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Eleanor "of Castile", Countess de Ponthieu on 18 Oct 1254. Eleanor (daughter of King of Castile and Leon III Ferdinand and Countess of Ponthieu Johanna) was born in 1241 in Burgos, Castile, Spain; died on 24 Nov 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Alice de Lusignan about 1261. Alice (daughter of Count of La Marche Hugh de Lusignan, X and Countess of Angoulême Isabella Taillefer) was born in 1224 in Lusignan, Vienne, France; died on 9 Feb 1256 in Warren, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Princess of France Marguerite Capet on 10 Sep 1299. Marguerite (daughter of King of France Philip III "The Bold" Capet and of Brabant Maria (Mary)) was born in 1279 in Paris, Seine, France; died on 14 Feb 1316/17 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married King of Scots III Alexander on 26 Dec 1251 in York, Yorkshire, England. III was born in 1218/1255; died in 1244/1333. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edmund married of Artois Blanche Capet before 3 Feb 1275/76 in Paris, Seine, France. Blanche (daughter of Count of Artois Robert I Capet and Matilde de Brabant) was born in 1248 in Arras, Hautes-Pyrenees, Midi-Pyrenees, France; died on 2 May 1302 in Hotel Crequy, Paris, Ile-De-France, France; was buried in Minoresses Convent, Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: Abt 1239

Family/Spouse: Margherita Aldobranderschi. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried:
Franciscan Friary of Llanfaes

Died:
Age: 29

Eleanor married Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffudd on 13 Oct 1278 in Worcester, Worcestershire, England. Llywelyn was born about 1223; died on 11 Dec 1282 in Builth Wells, Powys, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emmeline married Lord of Offaly Justiciar of Ireland Maurice FitzMaurice about 1266. Maurice (son of 2nd Baron of Offaly Justiciar of Ireland Maurice FitzGerald and Juliane de Cogan) was born about 1242 in Offaly, Kildare, Ireland; died before 10 Nov 1286 in Ross, Wexford, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Roger de Mowbray. Roger was born in 1218 in Axholme, Lincolnshire, England; died in Nov 1266 in Pontefract, York, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry had livery of his father's lands in 1249 and was accorded permission to marry as he pleased, on payment of 900, a very large fine even for a baron. He inherited little of his father's "faineant" nature, fighting valiantly in Wales and Scotland. He married Lady Eleanor Plantagenet, niece of King Henry III. This marriage knitted still closer the ties of relationship between the family of Percy and the reigning house, as Eleanor's mother was half-sister to King Henry III.

Died:
Age: 37

Henry married Eleanor de Warenne on 8 Sep 1268 in York, Yorkshire, England. Eleanor (daughter of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey and Alice de Lusignan) was born in 1251 in Warren, Surrey, England; died in 1282 in Bur Sallay Abbey, Northumb, Land, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Helewise married Lord Skelton Peter II de Brus in 1213 in England. Peter (son of Peter I de Brus and Joan Grammaire) was born about 1181 in Skelton, Yorkshire, England; died on 7 Sep 1241 in Marseilles, Bouches Du Rhone, France; was buried in 1242 in Priory, Guisborough, Yorkshire North Riding, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord Hickley John de Valoines. John (son of Lord Hickley Theobald de Valoines) was born about 1194 in Hickley, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gilbert FitzRoger. Gilbert (son of Roger FitzReinfrid and Rohese de Romara) was born in 1162 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrix De Angus. Beatrix was born in 1184 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland; died in 1270 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Maud de Fiennes about 1275. Maud was born in 1235/1258; died before 1298. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 6th Earl of Derby Robert de Ferrers. Robert (son of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby III and Margaret de Quincy, son of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby III) was born in 1239; died in 1279. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Maud FitzGeoffrey in 1255/1284. Maud (daughter of Sheriff of Yorkshire, Justiciar of Ireland John FitzGeoffrey and Isabell (Isabella) Bigod) was born about 1237 in Shere, Surrey, England; died about 18 Apr 1301 in Grey Friars, Worcestershire, England; was buried on 7 May 1301 in Grey Friars, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester about 1250. Roger (son of Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester IV and Margaret de Beaumont) was born about 1195 in Winchester, Hamptonshire, England; died on 25 Apr 1264 in Buckley, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eleanor de Braose. Eleanor (daughter of Lord of Abergavenny William V de Braose and Eva Marshal) was born in 1218/1238; died in 1253/1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Bertram de Criol. Bertram (son of John de Criol and Matilda d'Estwell) was born in 1247 in Westwood, Preston, Kent, England; died before 12 Jan 1295/96. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maria married King of France Philip III "The Bold" Capet in 1274. Philip (son of King of France Louis IX "St. Louis" Capet and Marguerite Berenguer) was born on 1 May 1245 in Poissy, Yvelines, Ile-De-France, France; died on 5 Oct 1285 in Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; was buried in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Blanche married King of Navarre Henry I "The Fat" in 1269. Henry (son of King of Navarre Thibault V (Theobald)) was born about 1244 in Troyes, Aube, France; died on 22 Jul 1274 in Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Blanche married Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster before 3 Feb 1275/76 in Paris, Seine, France. Edmund (son of King of England Henry III Plantagenet and Eleanor Berenguer) was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, Middlesex, England; died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Aquitaine, France; was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maud de Lacy. Maud (daughter of Earl of Ulster Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster and Emmeline de Ridelisford) was born about 1234 in Ulster, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married of Aragon Isabelle de Aragon on 28 May 1262 in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-et-Dome, France. Isabelle (daughter of King of Aragon Jaime I "The Conqueror" and of Hungary Violant) was born in 1247 in Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; died on 28 Jan 1271 in Cosenza, Calabria, Italy; was buried in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philip married of Brabant Maria (Mary) in 1274. Maria (daughter of Duke of Brabant III Henry and of Bourgogne Alix) was born in 1260 in Louvain, Brabrant, Belgium; died on 12 Jun 1321 in Murel, France; was buried in Couvent des Cordeliers, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Princess of Hungary Maria (Mary) Arpad about 1270. Maria (daughter of King of Hungary Stephen (Istvan), V and Princess of Cumania Elizabeth (Erzsebet)) was born in 1257 in Budapest, Hungary; died on 25 Mar 1323. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Edward "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King of England on 18 Oct 1254. Edward (son of King of England Henry III Plantagenet and Eleanor Berenguer) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England; died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sands, near Carlisle, Northumberland, England; was buried in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married William Longespee in 1254 in Herefordshire, England. William was born in 1228 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died in 1257 in Blyth, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel de Clare. Isabel (daughter of 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Gloucester Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy) was born about 1240; died about 1271. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married 4th Earl of Hereford Humphrey VIII de Bohun on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Cathedral, London, Middlesex, England. Humphrey (son of 3rd Earl of Hereford Humphrey de Bohun and Maud de Fiennes) was born in 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England; died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]