Maredydd ap Owain

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Angharad married Llywelyn ap Seisyllt about 1058. Llywelyn was born about 980 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales; died in 1021. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Angharad married Cynfyn ap Gwerystan in 1023. Cynfyn (son of Gwerystan ap Gwaithfoed and Nest verch Cadell) was born about 1002 in Powys, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed by his own men, and his head sent to Harold Godwinson and King Edward the Confessor.

Gruffydd married of Mercia Ealdgyth about 1058. Ealdgyth (daughter of Earl of Mercia III Ælfgar and Ælgifu) was born about 1034 in Mercia, England; died after 1086 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edwin ap Gronwy. Edwin (son of Gronwy ap Einion and Ethelfleda verch Edwin) was born in 1020 in Tegaingl, Flintshire, Wales; died in 1073 in Northrop, Coleshill, Flintshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Bleddyn married Haer verch Cillin about 1044 in Wales. Haer (daughter of Lord of Gestyn-Efionydd Cilin ap Blaidd-Rhydd) was born about 1025 in Gest, Dolbenmaen, Caemarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Trahaearn ap Caradog. Trahaearn (son of Caradog ap Gwyn and verch Gwerystan) was born about 1030 in Arwystli, Montgomeryshire, Wales; died in 1081 in Carno, Arwystli, Montgomeryshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Morwyl verch Ednywain. Morwyl was born about 1048 in Tegaingl, Flintshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sixth in descent from Mervyn ap Rhodri Mawr was Meredith ap Bleddyn, Prince of Powys, who adopted the "black lion of Powys" (arg., a lion rampant, sa.) in substitution of his father's arms, "or, a lion rampant, gu." By his 2nd wife, Efa, dau. of Blettrws ap Ednowain Bendew, Lord of Tegeingle (Flint), he was father of Jorwerth, alias Gervase Goch ap Meredith, Lord of Mochnan-is-Rhayadr. Meredith ap Bleddyn, whose demise took place in 1132, was father, by his 1st consort Hunydd, dau. of Eunydd ap Gwernwy, Lord of Dyffryn Clwyd, with other issue, of two sons, Madoc ap Meredith, Prince of Lower Powys, and Griffith ap Meredith. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 113, Cherlton, Barons Cherlton, of Powys]

Family/Spouse: Hunydd verch Einudd. Hunydd was born about 1063 in Dyffryn Clwyd, Denbigshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Her marriage to Walter Fitz Other is indicated in 2 WFT's. However it is not backed by Burke's Peerage. Additionally her daughter is documented (by WFT and Burke's) to be the wife of Walter's son Gerald FitzWalter which would not have been allowed if Nesta were her child by Walter.

Family/Spouse: King of Deheubarth Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr. Rhys (son of Tewdwr "Mawr" ap Cadell and Gwenllian) was born about 1035 in Deheubarth, Wales; died in 1093 in Brycheiniog, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gwladus married Castellan de Windsor Lord of Eaton Walter FitzOther about 1067. Walter (son of Baron of Windsor Otho Geraldino) was born in 1037 in Windsor, Berkshire, England; died after 1099 in Domesday Tenant in Buckingham, Hampshire, Middlesex and Surrey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Madoc ap Meredith, Prince of Lower Powys, from him called Powys Fadoc, who d. at Winchester in 1160, and was buried in Meifod Church, near Mathrafal, his castle-palace on the banks of the Vwrnwy, where the carved stone lid of his coffin, with the cognizance of the dragon, is still to be seen. According to the Welsh chronicle, he was "one who feared God and relieved the poor." By the Princess Susanna his consort, dau. of Griffith ap Cynan, King of North Wales, this monarch had, with other issue, Griffith Maelor ap Madoc and Owen Vychan ap Madoc. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 113, Cherlton, Barons Cherlton, of Powys]

Madog married Susannah verch Gruffydd about 1128. Susannah was born about 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Known as the most beautiful woman in Wales. She had many lovers. In Christmas 1108 Owain ap Cadwgan of Cardigan came to visit Gerald and Nesta. He so lusted after her that he, that night, attacked the castle and carried her off and had his way with her. This upset Henry I so much that the incident started a war.

Nesta - mother and grandmother of Norman-Welsh Invaders; children from three fathers: Stephen the Castellan, Gerald FitzWalter and Henry I. In Christmas 1108 Owain ap Cadwgan of Cardigan came to visit Gerald and Nesta. He so lusted after her that he, that night, attacked the castle and carried her off and had his way with her. This upset Henry I so much that the incident started a war. Her father was Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr, Prince of South Wales (1081-1093). Her brother, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Lord of South Wales was the father and grandfather of two Gruffydd Ap Rhys, who were titled Lord Rhys of South Wales.


South Wales is quite long. Her father was Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr, son of was Tewdwr Mawr (the Great) ap Cadell. Tewdr Mawr was the son of Cadell ap Einion, son of Einion ap Owain, who in turn was the son of Owain ap Hywel Dha, King of South Wales. Owain was the son of Hywel Dha (the Good) ap Cadell, Prince of Deheubarth, who in turn was the son of Cadell ap Rhodri Mawr, King of South Wales. Cadell was the son of Rhodri Mawr (the Great), Prince of South Wales, who was the son of Merfyn the Freckled, King of Gwynedd, who was in turn the son of Gwriad of Man, King of Gwynedd, and so on. her had a son named Henry FitzHenry (1103-1157). One of Henry's sons was Meiler FitzHenry who was also involved in the Norman invasion. Henry also had sons, Robert, Master Morgan and Amabel FitzHenry. Meiler married a de Lacy, claimed to be a daughter of Robert de Lacy (d. 1220), and had another son known as Meiler FitzHenry. The elder Meiler (or Meyler) FitzHenry assisted a David (Walsh) in becoming rector of Dungarvan and Bishop of Waterford in 1204.

Nest married King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" about 1090. Henry (son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and of Flanders Matilda) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Constable of Cardigan Stephen. Stephen was born about 1070. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nest married Constable of Pembroke Castle Gerald FitzWalter about 1089. Gerald (son of Castellan de Windsor Lord of Eaton Walter FitzOther and Beatrice de Offaly) was born in 1070 in Windsor, Berkshire, England; died before 1136. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gwenllian II verch Gruffydd. Gwenllian was born about 1090 in Caernarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of South Wales Rhys ap Gruffydd. Rhys (son of Lord of South Wales Gruffydd ap Rhys and Gwenllian II verch Gruffydd) was born about 1129 in Dynevor Castle, Llandilo, Carmarthshire, Wales; died after 24 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain. Iorwerth was born about 1130 in Gwynned, Wales; died in 1184. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Abbey Grey Friar, Welford, Berkshire, England

Family/Spouse: Alice de Montgomery. Alice (daughter of Arnulph de Montgomery and Lafracoth O'Brien) was born in 1115 in Munster, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maria Montgomery. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gwenllian verch Madog. Gwenllian (daughter of Madog ap Maredydd and Susannah verch Gruffydd) was born about 1131 in Montgomeryshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Llewelyn I ap Iorwerth (d. 1240), prince of north Wales, was born after the expulsion of his father, Iorwerth, from the principality. In 1194, Llewelyn recovered the paternal inheritance and by 1201 was the greatest prince in Wales. At first he was a friend of King John, whose illegitimate daughter, Joanna, he married in 1201; but the alliance soon fell through, and in 1211 John reduced Llewelyn to submission. In the next year Llewelyn recovered all his losses in north Wales. In 1215 he took Shrewsbury. His rising had been encouraged by the pope, by France and by the English barons. His rights were secured by special clauses in the Magna Carta. But he never desisted from his wars with the Marchers of south Wales, and in the early years of Henry III he was several times attacked by English armies. In 1234, however, a truce was concluded at Middle. In 1239 Llewelyn retired into a Cistercian monastery. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 14, p. 252, LLEWELYN]

Family/Spouse: Tangwystl verch Lywarch. Tangwystl was born about 1164 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Llywelyn married Joan Plantagenet on 16 Apr 1205 in Chester, Cheshire, England. Joan (daughter of King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet and Countess of Angoulême Isabella Taillefer) was born in 1188 in London, Middlesex, England; died on 2 Feb 1237 in Caernarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Walter de Ridelisford. Walter was born about 1146 in Carriebenan, Kildare, Ireland; died after 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF IRELAND FOR THE YEAR1914 PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS - PART 11, VOL.XLIV PAPERS

The Fitzgeralds Barons of Offaly

BYGODDA RD H. ORPEN, M.R.I.A., Member [Read 24 February 1914]
When studying afresh the pedigree of the barons of Offaly, from whom sprang the great house of the earls of Kildare, and, more recently, the dukes of Leinster, I was at the outset puzzled to know how they first became entitled to lands in Offaly. Strongbow, cantred of Offelan, the cantred in which Naas is situated, and this district was quite distinct from Offaly. Moreover, about the same time, Strongbow granted Offaly to Robert de Birmingham.

The eldest son of Maurice Fitzgerald was William FitzMaurice, who inherited the lands in Offelan granted to his father, and was confirmed in them by John, Lord of Ireland, in 1185. He was known as Baron of Naas. William gave half the cantred to his brother Gerald FitzMaurice. who thus obtained lands in Offelan, with centers at Maynooth and Rathmore. This grant was also confirmed by John in the reign of Henry II. But besides these lands, and certain lands about Croom (Limerick), in Imokilly, and elsewhere, with which we are not here concerned, as early as 1199 Gerald was in possession of the lands of Lea and Geashill. These places are in Offaly, and gave names to the principal Geraldine manors there. About September, 1199, they were claimed against Gerald FitzMaurice by one Maurice FitzPhilip, who seems to have been an official of King John. It does not seem worth while to make a conjecture about this claim, which is obscurely stated, and appears to have failed. About the same time the King granted letters of protection to Gerald, his chattels, men, and possessions, and at any rate it is clear from a mandate in the Patent Roll (5 John) that at Gerald's death, shortly before January 15, 1204, he was seized in his demesne as of fee of the castles of Lea and Geashill, Gerald FitzMaurice I, then, is rightly regarded as first baron of Offaly.

Even this bare statement of facts would naturally lead us to inquire whether Gerald did not obtain his lands in Offaly by a marriage with a daughter of the house of De Birmingham. He is indeed stated by Gilbert to have married a daughter of Hamo de Valognes, who was justiciar c.1197, but no authority is given for this statement, and I have been unable to find any support for it, While endeavoring to trace the devolution of Offaly, however, I have been led to the following conclusions:-first, that Gerald did, as a matter of fact, marry Eva de Birmingham, presumably daughter of Robert de Birmingham, first grantee of Offaly; that she was the mother of Maurice FitGerald II, second baron of Offaly, and that it was presumably through this marriage the family first acquired lands in Offaly; and secondly, that the heir of Maurice FitzGerald, second baron of Offaly, was not, as usually stated, his son Maurice FitzMaurice, but his grandson, Maurice FitzGerald III, son of an elder son, Gerald, who died in his father's lifetime, c.1243, that this grandson, who married as his second wife Agnes de Valence, the King's cousin, and was drowned in the Irish Channel in 1268. was the third baron of Offaly, and was succeeded in the barony by his son; and that Maurice FitzMaurice, who died in 1286, was never baron of Offaly at all. These are the main new points I hope to establish in this paper.

In dealing with the early pedigree of the Geraldines, it must be borne in mind that throughout the thirteenth century, at any rate, the family had no fixed surname. Members of the family are always designated in the contemporary documents by personal patronymies, changing with each generation. Thus in Latin documents we read of Mauricius filius Geraldi, Geraldus filius Mauricii, Thomas filius Maurieii, Johannes filius Thome, andc. So it was in French, substituting fiz (fitz) for filius and eve nearly Irish writers, though more ready to fix on a permanent patronymic, speak of Mac Muiris as well as Mac Gerailt. Neglect of this custom has contributed to the confusion which has beset the early steps in the pedigree of some branches, and yet the custom, if borne in mind, assists rather than impedes the correct affiliation of individuals. As, however, the names Maurice, Gerald, Thomas, and John recur more than once in the same or in different branches of the family, we must be on our guard against hasty identifications from identity of name. Dates must of course be carefully noted; but even but even accurate dates often fail to distinguish different individuals of the same name, and then the most important clue to identity is often to be found in the careful tracing of the devolution of lands in the various lines. For the purpose of this paper it will be necessary to follow out the devolution of Offaly.

On the death of Gerald FitzMaurice, first baron of Offaly, his heir, as will presently appear, was his son Maurice FitzGerald, then a minor of about nine years of age. There was therefore a long minority. On January 15, 1204, the custody of the castles of Lea and Geashill, and the wardship of Gerald's heir, were assigned to Earl William Marshal as lord of Leinster. Early in 1207, William Marshal went to Ireland, where dissensions had arisen between the justiciar, Meiler, FitzHenry, and the barons of Leinster and Meath. It appears that Meiler, acting on the King's order, had taken Offaly into the King's hand, and that this and other high-handed proceedings had incensed the barons against him. On May 23, 1207, the King reprimanded the barons for presuming to create a new assize without his consent, and for demanding that the justiciar should restore Offaly. In my Ireland under the Normans (vol. ii, pp. 209-215) I have endeavored to piece together the story of the discord between the earl and the justiciar, as far as it can be gathered from L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marhal, and from allusions in the records, and I need not here repeat it. Suffice it is to say that in March, 1208, the earl made his peace with the King who ordered Meiler to give seisin to the earl of the land of Offaly, with its castles. Maurice FitzGerald II appears to have come of age shortly before July 5, 1215, when he made a fine with the King of 60 marks to have the lands of Gerald, his father, in Ireland, with the castles of Crumeth (Croom), and of Dungarvan, in Oglassin (in Imokilly). On November 26, 1216, one of the first acts of the new King, or rather of Earl William Marshal, "rector regis et regne, " was to order Geoffrey de Marisco, the justiciar, to "cause Maurice FitzGerald to have seis in of the land of Maynooth, and of the lands whereof Gerald, his father, died seized in Ireland." Nothing is said expressly about Lea and Geashill, or the lands of Offaly.

It is not until the close of 1226 that we get a clue as to what had become of Offaly. It is, perhaps, not irrelevant to note that at this time the second Earl William Marshal, then lord of Leinster, was at enmity with Geoffrey de Marisco, who, in the preceding June, had superseded the earl as justiciar, the earl, as I have elsewhere shown, being strongly opposed to the new policy of confiscation which Geoffrey was appointed to carry out with regard to the King of Connacht. On December 10, 1226, the King issued a mandate to the "barons, knights, and free-tenants of Leinster" touching a plaint before the court of William Earl Marshal between Maurice FitzGerald, plaintiff, and Geoffrey de Marisco, justiciar of Ireland, defendant. Now, this mandate is preceded by a noteworthy preamble stating in general terms the law applicable to the case. I give this preamble and mandate as rendered from the Patent Roll, inserting in square brackets what I conceive to be its application to the case in question. After referring to King John's having ordained that English laws should be in force in Ireland, the preamble proceeds as follows:-

"Whereas the law and custom of England is that if a man [in this case Geoffrey de Marisco] marry a woman [Eva de Birmingham], whether widow [as in the case if Eva] or other, having an inheritance [Offaly], and he afterwards have issue by her [Robert de Marisco and perhaps other issue]whose cry shall be heard within four walls, that man, if he survive his said wife, shall have for his life the custody of his wife's inheritance, even though she may have an heir of full age [Maurice FitzGerald] by a former husband [Gerald FitzMaurice]. We therefore command you that in the plaint which is in the court of Earl William Marshal, between Maurice Fitzgerald, plaintiff, and Geoffrey de Marisco, our justiciar of Ireland, defendant, or in any like case, ye in no wise presume to give judgment to the contrary. Witness the King at Westminster, 10 December [1226]."

Now there is no doubt that Geoffrey de Marisco married Eva de Birmingham. She was his wife in February 1218, and was still his wife in June, 1223. It would seem then to follow that Eva de Birmingham was the mother of Maurice FitzGerald, and therefore had been wife of Gerald FitzMaurice. On no other supposition does the statement of law appear relevant to the case. The lands being in Leinster, and of the heritance of Eva de Birmingham, were presumably in Offaly. Thus our conjecture that Gerald FitzMaurice obtained Lea and Geashill, in Offaly, by a Birmingham marriage receives curious confirmation. If these lands were inherited by Eva de Birmingham, she would have been entitled to hold them of the Marshals, lords of Leinster, for her life. She died ex hypothesi shortly before the plaint was brought by her son and heir, Maurice FitzGerald, to recover the lands against Geoffrey; but the King intervened with a statement of the law, and Geoffrey remained entitled by "the curtsey of England."

But let us examine the circumstances a little more closely, and, in the first place, see how the dates work out. As Maurice FitzGerald came of age about 1215, he was born about 1194, and Eva was married to Gerald, his father, probably in or shortly before 1193. Gerald was dead in January 1204, and we next hear an Eva de Birmingham - presumably the same Eva-as the wife of Geoffrey FitzRobert, who mentions her as his wife in two deeds, to which Hugh le Rous, Bishop of Ossory (1202-1218), was one of the witnesses. He was, perhaps, the Geoffrey FitzRobert who was the second husband of Basilia, widow of Raymond le Gros, and at any rate he was one of William Marshal's most trusted vassals. He held from him the barony of Kells, in Ossory, and, early in the thirteenth century, was his seneschal of Leinster. He died in 1211, leaving Eva free to marry as her third husband Geoffrey de Marisco.

The Birmingham pedigree at this time is unfortunately obscure. With the exception of Robert de Birmingham, Strongbow's feoffee of Offaly, and this Eva, we hear of no one of the name in Ireland until about the year 1234, when mention is made of the land of Peter de Birmingham in Tethmoy. This Peter sided against Richard Marshal in this year, took part in the conquest of Connacht in the next, and in 1245 joined the expedition in aid of King Henry at Gannoe, in North Wales - in all three cases following the lead of Maurice FitzGerald.

I think he held his lands in Tethmoy as tenant of Maurice FitzGerald, and did not inherit them from Robert de Birmingham. It is noteworthy that the Birminghams, both in Leinster and in Connacht, were always surnamed by the Irish "Mac Fheorais," i.e. FitzPiers, and probably this Peter was the cponym of the clan. I conclude, then, that Eva, whether daughter or grand-daughter of Robert de Birmingham, was sole heiress of Offaly, and brought nominally the whole of it to her heir, Maurice FitzGerald II. There were indeed parts of Offaly in which the Normans never settled, but the early occupation was not confined to Lea (Clanmalier), Geashill, and Tethmoy. John FitzThomas of Desmond held the tuath of Oregan (ui Riagain), in Offaly, of Maurice Fitz Gerald III (to be mentioned later)for the moiety of the service of one knight with suit of court at Geashill.

According to the interpretation I have given of the mandate of December 10, 1226, Geoffrey de Marisco would, in ordinary course, have retained possession of Lea and Geashill up to his death. Now, eight years later, in consequence of the part he took against the Crown in the war of Richard Marshal, Geoffrey was thrown into prison, and his lands taken into the King's hands. Maurice FitzGerald took the leading part against Richard Marshal, and was rewarded by the King. It is clear from what follows that Maurice now obtained some lands of his which Geoffrey had held - and these lands were presumably Lea and Geashill. In September, 1234, when peace was made by the King at Marlborough between Gilbert Marshal and his brothers of the other part, and the community of Magnates of Ireland of the other part, the King granted to Maurice Fitzgerald that, notwithstanding the peace so made, he should have judgment of the King's Court touching certain tenements which Geoffrey de Marisco and others held of his (Maurice's) tenements. These tenements, we may infer with probability, were Lea and Geashill. Perhaps Geoffrey, facilitated the matter by surrendering the tenements to Maurice, for when, on August 3 1235, the King remitted his ire against Geoffrey, and ordered seisin to be given to him of his lands, he did so, "saving to the justiciar[Maurice] the lands which Geoffrey granted to him."

But if the conclusion that Eva de Birmingham, before she married Geoffrey de Marisco, was the wife of Gerald FitzMaurice should still seem no more than a plausible conjecture, fitting in with and explaining several facts indeed, but perhaps leaving open a chink for the admission of some other possible explanation, the following document - the last I shall quote on this point - will, I think , clinch the matter.

On August 19 1240, Maurice FitzGerald, the justiciar of Ireland, was granted provisionally "the custody of the land in Kerry which belonged to Robert de Mariscis who was the justiciar's brother, and the custody of Robert's heir." It is clear from this that Maurice FitzGerald, the justiciar in 1240, and Robert de Mariseis, were brothers of the half-blood, i.e. that they had the same mother. There can be little doubt that Robert de Mariscis was a son of Geoffrey de Marisco, or de Mariscis- the name is written in both ways - and bearing in mind what we have already established, the conclusion is irresistible: the mother of both Maurice and Robert was Eva de Birmingham.

To pass now to my second point, viz., that the heir of Maurice Fitzgerald, second baron of Offaly, was not his son known as Maurice FitzMaurice, but his grandson, another Maurice FitzGerald, son of his eldest son Gerald. This will perhaps be most conclusively shown by following out the devolution of Offaly; but it will be best to take first the crucial document which, properly understood, really settles the point. This document is calendered from the Close Roll, 42 Henry III, but not quite correctly, by Sweetman. Feeling great doubt about the correctness of the fifth line in Sweetman's abstract, which speaks of "the minority of Maurice, son and heir of the said Maurice FitzGerald, "I obtained from my friend Mr. Philip H. Hore a transcript of the entry in the Close Roll, and I found that the words here (when expanded) are: "ratione Mauricii filii Geraldi filii et heredis predicti Maureii filii Geraldiiqui infra ctatem est." Now in this passage the second filii must, I think, be taken in apposition to the immediately preceding Geraldii, and not to Maurieii, so that we have here four generations-Maurice, son of Gerald, son of Maurice, son of Gerald, which is, I think, correct. If the second filii be taken in apposition to Maurieii, we obtain the intrinsically absurd statement that Maurice, son of Gerald, was son of somebody else, viz., another Maurice, son of Gerald, and it is only through his omitting the first Gerald that this intrinsic absurdity does not appear on the face of Sweetman's abstract.

With this emendation, Sweetman's abstract is substantially correct. The document is an agreement made before the King, at Westminster, on Christmas Day, 1257, between the Lord Edward, the King's son, and Margaret, Countess of Lincoln, touching Offaly. The circumstances, partly recited in the document, were as follows:- Margaret, Countess of Lincoln, daughter of Robert de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, was widow of Walter Marshal, late Lord of Leinster (not, as stated in Burke, widow of Maurice Fitzgerald II), and as such she had obtained as dower the whole county of Kildare, and apparently the barony of Offaly. Accordingly, on the death of Maurice FitzGerald, second baron of Offaly, Margaret claimed the custody of the castles and lands of Offaly during the minority of the heir, namely, Maurice, son of the deceased baron's eldest son Gerald. It appears, however, that Maurice, younger (post nalus) son of the deceased baron, claimed the lands as against Maurice, his nephew (nepos suus), by virtue of his father's feoffment, or as his astrarius, or in some other way, and pending the decision of this claim, the Lord Edward would not give seisin to the countess. The agreement then virtually was that if Maurice (post nalus) persisted in his claim, the lands should be assigned to John FitzThomas [of Shanid]3 to hold pending the decision of the Lord Edward's court, and that if Maurice (post nalus) should make good his claim there under the feoffment or otherwise, then he should render fealty and relief to the countess; while if he should not make good his claim, then the lands and castles were to be restored to the custody of the countess during the minority of the heir.

It is really quite clear from this document that Maurice FitzMaurice was not, as stated in the received pedigrees, the eldest son and heir of Maurice FitzGerald II, who died in 1257, but a younger son (post nalus), and that the heir was Maurice FitzGerald III, grandson of the deceased, and nephew (nepos) of Maurice FitzMaurice. But, it may be asked, may not Maurice FitzMaurice have made good his claim to Offaly under his father's feoffment, and thus be rightly styled third baron, even though he was not the heir?

This question leads to a further correction. The feoffment alluded to appears to have been actually transcribed into the Red Book of the Earl of Kildare, begun in 1503. A sort of table of contents was compiled by William Roberts, Ulster King-at-Arms, and prefixed to a transcript of the Red Book made by him in 1633. This table has been printed in the Appendix to the Ninth Report of the Historical MSS. Commission, but it is incomplete, and sometimes misleading. The feoffment in question is there described as follows (p. 266):-"A graunt from Maurice, the sonne of Gerald, to his sonne Maurice, of all the lands of Offaly, Rathmoore, Fermayle, Carbry, with the castell of Sligath, all the lands of Fernanath, with the castle of Kilwisky, with lands in Tirconnell." Now from various documents, to some of which I shall refer, I was convinced that, as a matter of fact, Offaly did not go to Maurice FitzMaurice, but to his nephew Maurice FitzGerald III, and from him to his son Gerald FitzMaurice III. When recently, by the courtesy of Lord Frederick FitzGerald, I was given an opportunity of examining the Red Book, I turned up the deed in question, and found that it has been misunderstood, and is entirely misrepresented in the above-mentioned table of contents. As it is important to clear up this misconception, and as the deed has never, so far as I know, been printed, I give the essential parts of it here:-

"Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Mauricius filius Geraldi dedi et hacpresenti carta mea confirmani Mauricio filio meo pro homagio et serviciosuo et pro quieto clamio quam [sic] 1 michi fecit de tota terra Offalyecum omnibus suis pertinentiis et de terris de Maynooth Rathmore et deffermayll cum omnibus carum pertinenciis totam terram de Carbry cum Castro de Slygath tam in servicio quam redditibus et omnibus pertinenciissuis totam terram de ffermanath cum castro de Kylwysky2 tam andc. totamterram de Tirconyll tam andc. habendas et tenendas dicto Maurico etheredibus suis de me et heredibus meis iure hereditario libereandc. reddendo andc. unum falconem sorum vel decem solidos sterling andc. Hiistestibus domino Johanne filio Thome domino Johanne Pincerna Phillippode Stantona Mauricio filio Johannis Galfrido de Appilby Galfrido de Norragh Walerano de Wallesley Philippo de Hyntebyria (?) 3 Henrico de Capella Ricardo filio Willielmi Alexandro Crok Johanne filio Roberti Johanne Purcell Alano filio Mathei Ricardo de Santo fflorentio Nicholas de Dunheuyde Johanne le Poer Johanne de Capella Andrea le Poer Willclmode Punchardon Johanne Marescallo Roberto Crok Phillippo Wychecote et aliis." I think it will be seen that this deed is a grant from Maurice Fitzgerald to his son Maurice of certain lands in Sligo, Fermanagh, and Tirconnell, "in consideration of his homage and service, and inconsideration of the quit-claim which he has made to me of all the land of Offaly with all its appurtenances, and of the lands of Maynooth, Rathmore, and Fermayle with all their appurtenances."

So far from Offaly, andc., being included in the grant to Maurice FitzMaurice, his giving op to his father all claim to Offaly, andc., was the consideration for the grant of the other lands. The deed was perhaps executed not very long before the death of Maurice FitzGerald in 1257, and, at any rate, after the death of his eldest son Gerald, in 1243, when Maurice FitzMaurice may have been in actual possession of Offaly, asastrarius. Maurice FitzGerald II is said to have taken the habit of a Franciscan monk before his death, and to have died in the monastery which he had founded at Youghal.

I have now mentioned two documents - the only two so far as I know-which, as unfortunately described in the printed sources, may have misled previous writers into thinking that Maurice FitzMaurice was heir to his father, Maurice FitzGerald, the justiciar, and - though this is somewhat inconsistent-that Maurice FitzMaurice obtained Offaly by feoffment from his father. I have, however, shown that the documents themselves contain no such indications, but that the first clearly points to Maurice Fitzgerald, the justiciar's grandson, as the justiciar's heir, and the second plainly indicates that Offaly did not pass from the justiciar to his son Maurice. Positive Proof that Offaly passed to the justiciar's grandson and heir, Maurice FitzMaurice III, and that they were therefore third and fourth lords or barons of Offaly, respectively, will appear in the sequel; but it will help to a clearer understanding if we give some notes with regard to the justiciar's eldest son and his descendants, so as to establish the true succession in the senior line. They are not so well known as his second son, Maurice FitzMaurice.

Of Gerald, the justiciar's eldest son, we know little. He joined the King's expedition to Poiton in 1242, when he can hardly have been more than twenty-five years of age. He was paid and rewarded for his services, and is said to have died in Gascony in 1243. He left two infant children, a son and heir, Maurice FitzGerald III, and a daughter, Juliana, afterwards married to John de Cogan. There are several grants by Juliana in the Red book, to one of which we may here refer, as it is sufficiently establishes this part of the pedigree. It is a release and quit-claim from "Julianna Cogan, filia Geraldi filii Maurieii," to John FitzThomas, of all her rights, "ratione hereditarie successionis Mauricii filii Geraldi avi mei, Mauricii filii Geraldi fratris mei, et Geraldi filii Mauricii consanguinei mei," and it bears a date in July 1293.

Maurice FitzGerald III, who was still a minor in 1257, when his grandfather died, was numbered among the chief magnates of Ireland by 1262. He was implicated in the dissensions which arose in 1264 between the Geraldines and the Burkes, but probably his uncle, Maurice FitzMaurice, was the principal opponent of Walter de Burgh, the newly made Earl of Ulster. He was drowned when crossing the Channel to Ireland in July 1268, when he was about twenty-seven years of age. He was twice married, first to a wife whose name is unknown, by whom he had a son and heir, Gerald, born about February 1265, and secondly in 1266, to Agnes de Valence, the King's cousin. The Limerick lands were settled on this second marriage, but there was no issue from it.

There was now another long minority, and he wardship passed from hand to hand. Prince Edward granted the custody to Thomas de Clare, in recognition, no doubt, of the services of the House of Gloucester before and at battle of Evesham. By a deed of March 30, 1270, Thomas de Clare, for a fine of 3500 marks, sold to William de Valence the custody of the lands "which belonged to Maurice FitzGerald [III], deceased, with the marriage of his heirs, the custody of the castle of Leye and the manor of Rathingan." Here it appears plain enough for all to read that Maurice FitzMaurice (who was still alive) did not succeed to the lands in Offaly. Geashill is not specifically mentioned, perhaps because the castle had already been taken by the Irish, or more probably because Lea was "the chief castle of the barony," as stated in another document. From this last, indeed, it appears that Maurice FitzGerald III held the barony of Offaly of the lords of Leix, the chief of whom was Roger de Mortimer, by the service of twelve knights, and in 1274 it was decided before the King that Roger de Mortimer, and Matilda, his wife, were entitled to the "custody of the castle and honor of Leghey (Lea) till the age of Maurice's heirs, Maurice having held the castle and honor of them by knight service." Finally, in December 1283, Geoffrey de Geneville bound himself to William de Valence in 1200 "for the commission of lands of Maurice FitzGerald [III] and for the marriage of Gerald, son and heir of the said Maurice, under age, and in the custody of the said William. "This entry indeed suggests another correction in the received pedigree. It was clearly Gerald FitzMaurice III that married Joan, daughter of Geoffrey de Geneville, and not, as stated in Burke, Gerald FitzMaurice II, who died in 1243, before Geoffrey 's marriage. Gerald FitzMaurice III, fourth baron of Offaly, while not yet quite of age, appears to have led his vassals in the army of the justiciar into Wales in 1283-4, 1 at the time of the final conquest of that country. It was probably while he was absent in Wales that his castle of Lea was taken and burned by the Irish in 1284.2 Next year he was taken prisoner by "his own Irish of Offaly," to whom he was known as "Rothfalyaht" i.e. probably, Ruadh Failgheach, "the Red One of Offaly." In May 1285, he was granted a fair at Maynooth, and in 1287 he died. Accordingly to one (late, but probably correct) account he was slain in battle in Thomond along with Thomas de Clare, the husband of his father's cousin, Juliana. If so, he died on August 29, 1287. At his death he was Capitaneus Geraldinorum, "chief of the Geraldines," but he had only reached the middle of his twenty-third year.

I have now, I think, proved the two main points which I set out to prove; but these notes on the Geraldine barons of Offaly would be very incomplete if I did not at least indicate how John FitzThomas(after-wards first earl of Kildare), the fifth and most remarkable of them all, acquired the property and position he held. There can be little doubt that his father, Thomas, was a younger son of Maurice FitzGerald II-younger, probably, than his brother Maurice FitzMaurice. In one of the grants from Juliana de Cogan to John FitzThomas, transcribed in the Red Book, he is called "Johannes filius Thome filii Mauricii." We know little about Thomas FitzMaurice, except that he was given by his brother Maurice "the land of Bennede [Banada], in the cantred of Lune [now Leyny, Sligo], excepting the castle of Rathardereth" [Arderee, in the parish of Kilvarnet], and three villatas of land belonging to the said castle. In 1265 the castles of Bennfhada and Rathairderaibhe [Banada and Arderee] were burned and demolished by Aedh O'Conor; and in 1271 Thomas FitzMaurice died at his brother's castle of Lough Mask.

Now at the death, in 1287, of Gerald FitzMaurice, fourth baron of Offaly, his heir was his Aunt, Juliana, widow of John de Cogan; while the heirs of Maurice FitzMaurice, who died in 1286, were his two daughters, Juliana, wife (soon to be widow) of Thomas de Clare, and Amabil, seemingly a widow without children. Juliana de Cogan had a son, John, of full age, or nearly so; and Juliana de Clare had a son, Gilbert, an infant; but the nearest male descendant in the male line of Maurice Fitzgerald II would seem to have been his grandson, John FitzThomas. In recording the death of Gerald FitzMaurice, Capitaneus Geraldinorum, in 1287, Friar Clyn adds, hereditatem suam detit domino Johanni filio Thome filio adwunculi sui." This entry is, of course, not a contemporary one, but it does stand alone. By an inquisition concerning the manor of Athlacca. Limerick, taken in 1310, and transcribed at length in the Red Book, it was found (inter alia) that when Gerald FitzMaurice [III] came of age, and was seized of the manors of Maynooth, Rathangan, and Lea, in the county of Kildare, he enfeoffed John FitzThomas of them to hold to him and his heirs of the chief lords of the fee, together with the reversion of the aforesaid manors in county Limerick, and with all other reversions which might or should revert to himself in any way throughout all Ireland. The document is too long for a complete abstract of it to be here given. Suffice it to say that John FitzThomas did not get seisin of the Limerick manors during the lifetime of Gerald FitzMaurice; that the reversions, and c., fell to the lot of Juliana de Cogan, aunt of the said Gerald; and that she afterwards granted and released all her rights to John FitzThomas. There were further complications about the seisin, which John FitzThomas took in an irregular way; but the jury conclude by saying that "they do not know anyone to whom the said manor ought to remain, descend, or revert by hereditary right, or in any other way, unless to the said John FitzThomas." From another document it appears that John FitzThomas, in consideration of his services to Edward I in Scotland and Flanders, and to Edward II in Ireland, was pardoned for his intrusions on the said lands.

I could not find any deed of feoffment from Gerald FitzMaurice to John FitzThomas in the Red Book, but as regards Offaly, it contains the following Letters of Attorney - one from Gerald FitzMaurice, lord of Offaly, appointing John, the clerk, formerly provost (preposilus) of Leye, to deliver seisin of the manor of Leye to John FitzThomas or his attorney; and the other from John FitzThomas, authorizing Friar Roger, abbot of Rosglas [Monasterevin], to receive seisin of the manor of Leye. They are both dated at Rathymegan [Rathdangan], the former on the day of SS. John and Paul, a. r. Ed. XV [26 June 1287], and the latter on Tuesday next after the Feast of St. Swithin, a.r. Ed.XV [22 July 1287].

This was only a few weeks before the death of Gerald FitzMaurice.

It is clear, however, that John FitzThomas did not rely solely upon the feoffment from Gerald FitzMaurice. He soon set about getting in, so far as he could, all the rights or claims of the female heirs. He does not seem to have acquired the share of Juliana de Clare in the property of Maurice FitzMaurice; but the Red Book contains a great number of grants and releases between the years 1293 and 1297 from Juliana de Cogan and her son, John de Cogan, and from Amabil, daughter of Maurice FitzMaurice, conveying to John FitzThomas all their rights and claims to the succession of the several lands in connacht, Tirconnell, Fermanagh, county Limerick, Imokilly, Offaly, and Maynooth, which belonged to either Gerald FitzMaurice or to Maurice FitzMaurice at their respective deaths. In this way, and by other purchases, and finally by the grant of Kildare from the King, John FitzThomas became the most powerful landholder in Ireland, with the possible exception of his rival and antagonist, the Red Earl of Ulster.

Gerald married Heiress of Offaly Eve de Bermingham about 1193. Eve (daughter of Baron of Offaly Robert de Bermingham) was born in 1165 in Offaly, Kildare, Ireland; died before Dec 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nesta married Constable of England Hervey de Montmorency about 1161. Hervey (son of Seigneur de Chateau-Bassett Bouchard II de Montmorency and Adeliza (Alice) de Clermont) was born about 1138; died in 1165. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gwladys married Ralph de Mortimer about 1230. Ralph (son of Roger de Mortimer and Isabel de Ferrers) was born about 1190 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died on 6 Aug 1246 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Reginald de Braose. Reginald (son of 4th Lord of Bramber William III de Braose and Maud de St. Valery) was born about 1178 in Bramber, Sussex, England; died on 5 May 1227 in Brecon, Breconshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married III Walter de Clifford in 1232 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. Walter (son of Sheriff of Hereford Walter II de Clifford and Lady of Cavenby Agnes de Condet) was born about 1187 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1263 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Lord of Bramber and Gower John de Braose in 1219 in Wales. John (son of Lord Bramber William IV The Younger de Braose and Maud de Clere) was born about 1197 in of Bramber, Sussex, Eng and Gower, Wales; died on 18 Jul 1232 in Bramber, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Annora. Annora was born about 1186 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard de Cogan. Richard (son of William de Cogan) was born about 1170 in Cogan, Glamorganshire, Wales; died after 1238. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Built castles in Sligo, Banada, and Ardcree

Family/Spouse: Juliane de Cogan. Juliane (daughter of John de Cogan and Maria de Prendergast) was born about 1223 in Bampton, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Roger married Maud de Braose in 1247. Maud (daughter of Lord of Abergavenny William V de Braose and Eva Marshal) was born about 1226 in Bramber Castle, Breconshire, Wales, England; died on 20 Mar 1301 in Ludlow, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord Audley Hugh (Alditheley) d'Audley. Hugh was born in 1267 in Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, England; died on 1 Apr 1325 in Wallingford, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married William Longespee in 1254 in Herefordshire, England. William was born in 1228 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died in 1257 in Blyth, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel de Clare. Isabel (daughter of 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Gloucester Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy) was born about 1240; died about 1271. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emmeline married Earl of Ulster Justiciar of Ireland Stephen de Longespee about 1244. Stephen (son of Earl of Salisbury William de Longespee and Countess of Salisbury Ela FitzPatrick) was born in 1216 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 23 Jan 1274/75 in of Sutton, Northampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emmeline married Earl of Ulster Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster before 1234. Hugh (son of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath 4th Baron Lacy and Rohese FitzWilliam) was born about 1176 in Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, England; died before 12 Dec 1242. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maria de Prendergast. Maria (daughter of Lord of Enniscorthy Gerald de Prendergast and Matilda le Botiller) was born about 1208 in Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maurice married Emmeline Longespee about 1266. Emmeline (daughter of Earl of Ulster Justiciar of Ireland Stephen de Longespee and Emmeline de Ridelisford) was born in 1250 in Ulster, Ireland; died in 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Founder Trinitarian Abbey at Adare, Limerick, IRE

Isabella married 7th Earl of Arundel John FitzAlan in 1261/1271. John (son of 6th Earl of Arundel John FitzAlan and Maud le Botiller) was born on 14 Sep 1246 in Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 18 Mar 1272 in Clun, Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret de Fiennes. Margaret (daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne) was born about 1270 in France; died on 7 Feb 1333 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married 6th Earl of Oxford Robert de Vere in 1282 in Hedingham Castle, Essex, England. Robert (son of 5th Earl of Oxford Robert de Vere and Alice de Sanford) was born on 24 Jun 1257 in Hedingham Castle, Essex, England; died on 17 Apr 1331 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville de Raby on 14 Jan 1324 in Hadley, Staffordshire, England. Ralph (son of Ranulph Neville 1st Baron Neville and Euphemia de Clavering) was born about 1291 in Raby, Durham, England; died on 5 Aug 1367 in Raby, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married 3d Baron Of Greystoke Ralph FitzRobert de Greystoke on 25 Nov 1317. Ralph was born on 15 Aug 1299 in Greystoke, Cumberland, England; died on 14 Jul 1332 in Gateshead, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Margaret de Clare on 28 Apr 1317 in Winsor, England. Margaret (daughter of 7th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester and Joan "of Acre" Plantagenet) was born on 16 Sep 1292 in Caerphilly Castle, Caerphilly, Glamorganshire, Wales; died on 9 Apr 1342. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Henry de Lacy. Henry (son of Earl of Lincoln Edmund de Lacy and Alice de Saluzzo) was born on 12 Jan 1250 in Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, England; died on 28 Feb 1311 in Holborn, Greater London, England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William de Braose, in the 22nd of Edward I [1293], had summons to attend the king with other great men to advise regarding the important affairs of the realm. And about the beginning of the ensuing September, he was one of those who embarked at Portsmouth with horse and arms in the king's service for Gascony. In the 28th and 29th of the same reign,he was in the wars of Scotland, and in the latter year he had summons to parliament as a baron. In the 32nd [1304], he was again in the Scottish wars and then enjoyed so much favour that the king not only confirmed to him and his heirs the grant of Gower Land, made by King john to his ancestor, but granted that he and they should thenceforth enjoy all regal jurisdiction, liberties, and privileges there in as ample a manner as Gilder de Clare, son of Richard de Clare, sometimes Earl of Gloucester, had in all his lands of Glamorgan. For several years afterwards, his lordship appears to have been constantly engaged upon the same theatre of war and was always eminently distinguished. In the 14th Edward II [1321], according to Thomas of Walsingham, being "a person who had a large patrimony but a great unthrift," his lordship put up for sale his noble territory of Gower Land, and absolutely sold it under the king's license to the Earl of Hereford; but its contiguity to the lands of the younger Spencer (who was then high in royal favour, and the king's chamberlain), attracting the attention of that minion, he forcibly possessed himself of the estate and thus gave rise to the insurrection headed by Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster. Lord Braose m. Aliva, dau. of Thomas de Moulton, and had issue, Aliva, m. 1st, to John de Mowbray, and 2ndly, to Sir Richard de Pershall, and Joan, m. to John* de Bohun, of Midhurst. His lordship, who had regular summons to parliament to 18 September, 1322, d. in that year, when the Barony of Braose, of Gower, fell into abeyance between his daus. and co-heirs, and it so continues with their representatives. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, England, 1883, pp. 72-73, Braose, Barons Braose, of Gower]

* The Bohun entry on pg. 58 in the same source cited above, states it was James de Bohun, younger brother of John de Bohun, who d.s.p., that Joan married.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth de Sully. Elizabeth (daughter of Raymond de Sully) was born in 1263 in Sully, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, Wales; died in 1328. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emmeline married Lord of Offaly Justiciar of Ireland Maurice FitzMaurice about 1266. Maurice (son of 2nd Baron of Offaly Justiciar of Ireland Maurice FitzGerald and Juliane de Cogan) was born about 1242 in Offaly, Kildare, Ireland; died before 10 Nov 1286 in Ross, Wexford, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Geoffrey de Greneville. Geoffrey (son of Seneshal of Champagne Simon de Joinville and of Burgundy Beatrix de Macon) was born about 1228 in Dublin, Ireland; died on 21 Oct 1314. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 2nd Baron of Offaly Justiciar of Ireland Maurice FitzGerald. Maurice (son of 1st Baron of Offaly Gerald FitzMaurice and Heiress of Offaly Eve de Bermingham) was born about 1190 in Offaly, Kildare, Ireland; died in 1257 in Franciscan Friary, Youghal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Juliana married Governor of London Lord of Thormond Thomas de Clare in 1275 in Essex, England. Thomas (son of 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Gloucester Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy) was born about 1248 in Tunbridge, Kent, England; died on 29 Aug 1287 in Bunratty Castle, Thomond, Connaught, Clare, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John de Cogan. John was born on 8 Sep 1243 in Brampton, Devonshire, England; died on 23 Aug 1275. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Alasia di Saluzzo in 1280/1299. Alasia (daughter of 4th Marquess di Saluzzo Thomas I di Saluzzo and Marquess of Ceva Luisa di Ceva) was born about 1271 in Saluzzo, Piedmont, Italy; died on 25 Sep 1292. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Roger married Joan de Greneville on 6 Oct 1306 in Shropshire, England. Joan (daughter of Piers de Greneville) was born on 2 Feb 1285 in Ludlow, Shropshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1356 in Kings Stanley, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maud Fitz John. Maud was born in 1244 in Bernard Castle, Warwickshire, England; died on 16 Apr 1301 in Grey, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 4 Jan 1360

Family/Spouse: Maud de Badlesmere. Maud (daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord of Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare) was born in 1310 in Badlesmere, Swale Borough, Kent, England; died on 23 May 1366 in Earls Colne, Essex, England; was buried in Earls Colne, Braintree District, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir John Nevill, 3rd Baron Nevill of Raby, summoned to Parliament from 1368-1388. Knight of the Garter. This nobleman was carried by his father to witness the Battle of Durham, being then scarcely five years old. He received the honour of Knighthood when in arms before the barriers of Paris. In 44th of Edward III (1370) he was again in wars with France and then constituted Admiral of the King's Fleet from the mouth of the Thames northward. During the remainder of Edward III's reign he was constantly in active service either in Scotland or France. In 2nd of Richard II (1379) he was constituted Lieutenant of Aquitiane in France and Seneschal of Bordeaux. His lordship was a Knight of the Garter. He married Maud, daughter of Henry, Lord Percy. He married 2nd Elizabeth, daughter of William, Lord Latimer. He died at New Castle October 17, 1388, and was buried in the south side of the nave of Durham Cathedral. He was succeeded by his son, Ralph .
Sources: Collins' English Peerage, Vol. 5, pp. 151-162.
Edmondson's Baronagium Genealogicum, Vol. 4, p. 350.
Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, pp. 24-31.
Berry's Visitation of Hants (Hampshire), p. 209.
Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerage, pp. 392-394.
American Families Genealogic and Heraldic, Vol. 9, p. 94.
History and Lineage Book of Daughters of American Colonists in Missouri, compiled by Mellcene Thurman Smith, pp. 356-358.

John married Maude de Percy about 1362. Maude (daughter of 2nd Baron Percy Henry de Percy and Lady Alnwick Idonea de Clifford) was born about 1335 in Warkworth Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died before 18 Feb 1378 in Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 12 Feb 1341, Raby, Durham, England

Margaret married Henry de Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland on 12 Jul 1358 in Brancepeth, Durham, England. Henry (son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and Mary "of Lancaster" Plantagenet) was born on 10 Nov 1341 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died on 19 Feb 1408 in Battle of Bramham Moor, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England; was buried in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 25 Dec 1281, Denbigh, Denbighshire, Wales

Alice married Eubolo le Strange in 1324. Eubolo (son of Lord Strange John V le Strange and Maud d'Eiville) was born about 1286 in Ellesmere, Shropshire, England; died in 1335 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster in 1294, and was divorced in 1319. Thomas (son of Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster and of Artois Blanche Capet) was born about 1278 in England; died on 22 Mar 1322 in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England; was buried in Pontefract Abbey, West Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 2nd Baron Mowbray John de Mowbray. John (son of 1st Baron Mowbray Roger de Mowbray and Rohese de Clare) was born on 4 Sep 1286 in Thirsk, North Ride, Yorkshire, England; died on 23 Mar 1321/22 in York, Yorkshire, England; was buried in His corpse left dangling at York for 3 years.. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Juliana married Governor of London Lord of Thormond Thomas de Clare in 1275 in Essex, England. Thomas (son of 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Gloucester Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy) was born about 1248 in Tunbridge, Kent, England; died on 29 Aug 1287 in Bunratty Castle, Thomond, Connaught, Clare, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John de Cogan. John was born on 8 Sep 1243 in Brampton, Devonshire, England; died on 23 Aug 1275. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maurice married Emmeline Longespee about 1266. Emmeline (daughter of Earl of Ulster Justiciar of Ireland Stephen de Longespee and Emmeline de Ridelisford) was born in 1250 in Ulster, Ireland; died in 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Founder Trinitarian Abbey at Adare, Limerick, IRE

Margaret married Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord of Badlesmere on 28 Apr 1317 in Windsor, Berkshire, England. Bartholomew (son of Guncelin de Badlesmere and Joan FitzBarnard) was born on 18 Aug 1275 in Badlesmere, Swale, Kent, England; died on 14 Apr 1322 in Blean, Canterbury, Kent, England; was buried in Badlesmere, Swale, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gilbert de Umfreville. Gilbert (son of 8th Earl of Angus Gilbert de Umfreville and Elizabeth Comyn) was born before 1276; died before 23 May 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1276, Tewkesbury, Tewkesbury Borough, Gloucestershire, England

Notes:

11/11/1315 Abducted and Forcibly Remarried by Robert de Welles

Matilda married Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford on 13 Nov 1295 in Clifford's Castle, Herefordshire, England. Robert (son of Justice of Forests Roger III de Clifford and Isabel de Vipont) was born on 1 Apr 1274 in Clifford Castle, Hereford, England; died on 24 Jun 1314 in Battle of Bannockburn, Stirling, Scotland; was buried in Shap Abbey, Eden District, Cumbria, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
beheaded

Edmund married Alice de Warenne in 1305. Alice (daughter of William de Warenne and Joanna (Joane) de Vere) was born on 15 Jun 1287 in Warren, Sussex, England; died on 23 May 1338. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 1st Baron Percy Henry de Percy. Henry (son of 7th Baron Percy Henry de Percy and Eleanor de Warenne) was born on 25 Mar 1273; died in Oct 1314; was buried in Fountain Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edmund married Elizabeth de Badlesmere on 27 Jun 1316 in Earnwood, Kinlet, Shropshire, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord of Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare) was born in 1313 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent, England; died on 9 Jun 1378 in Blackfriars, London, England; was buried in Ludgate, Greater London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Katherine Mortimer

Notes:

Buried:
St. Mary's Church

Family/Spouse: Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl of Warwick. Thomas (son of 10th Earl of Warwick Guy Beauchamp and Alice de Toeni) was born on 14 Feb 1313 in Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England; died on 13 Nov 1369 in Calais, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried in Warwick, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alice FitzWalter. Alice was born about 1343 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died on 29 Apr 1401. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Courtenay. Elizabeth (daughter of 10th Earl of Devon Hugh Courtenay 2nd Earl of Devon and Margaret de Bohun) was born in Norfolk, Exeter, Devon, England; died on 7 Aug 1395 in Dunster, Somerset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the Garter; active on the border with Scotish affairs; strong supporter of Henry IV; life tenant of the Honor of Richmond after 1399; took no part in the French wars of Henry V but was one of his executors and a member of the Council of Regency for Henry VI; father of 23 children by two wives.

Ralph married Margaret Stafford in 1382. Margaret (daughter of Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp) was born in May 1364 in Brancepeth, Durham, England; died on 9 Jun 1396 in Castle Raby, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Joan Beaufort on 29 Nov 1396 in Beaufort, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. Joan (daughter of John "of Gaunt" Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine de Roët) was born on 1 May 1375 in Beaufort Castle, Goudet, Haute-Loire, Auvergne, France; died on 13 Nov 1440 in Howden, Yorkshire, England; was buried in Lincoln Cathedral, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joan Furnivall. Joan was born about Oct 1368; died in 1395. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 20 Apr 1364, Alnwick, Northumberland, England

Henry married Elizabeth Mortimer about 1390. Elizabeth (daughter of 3rd Earl of March Edmund "The Good" Mortimer and Phillipa Plantagenet) was born on 12 Feb 1369 in Usk, Monmouthshire, England; died on 20 Apr 1417 in Trotton, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Strathbogie. Elizabeth (daughter of 12th Earl of Atholl David Strathbogie and Elizabeth de Ferrers) was born before 1367; died after 1416. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Philippa Strathbogie. Philippa (daughter of 12th Earl of Atholl David Strathbogie and Elizabeth de Ferrers) was born about 1361; died on 2 Nov 1395. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Aylesbury. John (son of Thomas Aylesbury and Joane Basset) was born on 5 Jun 1334 in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England; died on 12 Jul 1409 in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Joan Plantagenet about 28 Feb 1326/27. Joan (daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth) was born in 1306 in Grismond Castle, Monmouth, England; died on 7 Jul 1349 in Bur Byland Abbey, Yorks, Land, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord of Badlesmere on 28 Apr 1317 in Windsor, Berkshire, England. Bartholomew (son of Guncelin de Badlesmere and Joan FitzBarnard) was born on 18 Aug 1275 in Badlesmere, Swale, Kent, England; died on 14 Apr 1322 in Blean, Canterbury, Kent, England; was buried in Badlesmere, Swale, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gilbert de Umfreville. Gilbert (son of 8th Earl of Angus Gilbert de Umfreville and Elizabeth Comyn) was born before 1276; died before 23 May 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1276, Tewkesbury, Tewkesbury Borough, Gloucestershire, England

Notes:

11/11/1315 Abducted and Forcibly Remarried by Robert de Welles

Matilda married Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford on 13 Nov 1295 in Clifford's Castle, Herefordshire, England. Robert (son of Justice of Forests Roger III de Clifford and Isabel de Vipont) was born on 1 Apr 1274 in Clifford Castle, Hereford, England; died on 24 Jun 1314 in Battle of Bannockburn, Stirling, Scotland; was buried in Shap Abbey, Eden District, Cumbria, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March on 6 Oct 1306 in Shropshire, England. Roger (son of 2nd Baron Wigmore Edmund de Mortimer and Margaret de Fiennes) was born on 25 Apr 1287 in Netherwood, Thornbury, Herefordshire, England; died on 29 Nov 1330 in Elms, Tyburn, Warwickshire, England; was buried in Church of Grey Friar, Shrewsbury, Shropshsire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Juliana married Governor of London Lord of Thormond Thomas de Clare in 1275 in Essex, England. Thomas (son of 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Gloucester Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy) was born about 1248 in Tunbridge, Kent, England; died on 29 Aug 1287 in Bunratty Castle, Thomond, Connaught, Clare, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John de Cogan. John was born on 8 Sep 1243 in Brampton, Devonshire, England; died on 23 Aug 1275. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton in 1335 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent, England. William (son of 4th Earl of Hereford Humphrey VIII de Bohun and Elizabeth "of Rhuddlan" Plantagenet) was born in 1312 in Caldecot, Northamptonshire, England; died on 16 Sep 1360 in London, Greater London, England; was buried in Saffron Walden, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Edmund de Mortimer on 27 Jun 1316 in Earnwood, Kinlet, Shropshire, England. Edmund (son of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March and Joan de Greneville) was born in 1302 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died on 16 Dec 1331 in Stanton Lacy, Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford. John (son of 6th Earl of Oxford Robert de Vere and Margaret Mortimer) was born on 12 Mar 1312; died on 27 Jan 1360 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married Thomas Waller about 1333. Thomas was born in 1303 in Lamberhurst, Sussex, England; died in 1390 in Groombridge, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: Abt 1300, Clifford Castle, Herefordshire

Family/Spouse: 2nd Baron Percy Henry de Percy. Henry (son of 1st Baron Percy Henry de Percy and Eleanor FitzAlan) was born on 6 Feb 1300 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died on 27 Feb 1351 in Warkworth, Northumberland, England; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 21 Mar 1299, Clifford Castle, Herefordshire

Notes:

Conflict here:

In Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage books it states that Roger was "b. 21 Jan or 2 Feb. 1299/1300; joined rebellion of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, against Edward II and his favorites and was taken prisoner at the Battle of Boroughridge 16 March 1321/2: dsp, being executed at York 23 March 1322."

BUT

From this site:
Roger Clifford, 2nd Lord of Skipton

He was involved in a rebellion against King Edward I's favourite Huge Lord de Despencer, and ultimately against the King him self. The rebel forces were brought to battle by the King's forces in Boroughbridge in March 1322 at which Roger Clifford received severe wounds. Forced to surrender, he was condemned to death and held captive in York. Reprieved, probably because of his wounds, he survived until 1326. His estates were forfeited, including Skipton castle. They were restored to Robert, 3rd Lord of Skipton in 1327.

All this is from The Skipton Castle Teachers Resource Pack.

http://battle-of-boroughbridge.wikiverse.org/

The Battle of Boroughbridge was a small but important battle in the conflicts between Edward II of England and his rebellious barons. The battle took place near at important bridge across the Wye called Boroughbridge, northwest of York.

Early in 1322, King Edward took forces north in England to subdue his cousin Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Lancaster was pushed further north, where he may have been hoping to join up with forces from Scotland. However on March 16, he found his way across the river Wye barred by forces of Sir Andrew Harclay. Sir Andrew used the infantry tactics which were later to prove so effective against the French at Crecy, and the rebels were defeated.

Of the rebel leaders, Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, was killed, and the rest captured. The prisoners were later convicted of treason and executed.

Family/Spouse: Juliann de Bower. Juliann was born in 1303 in Whinfield, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 20 May 1344, Skipton-In-Craven, Yorkshire