King of England Æthelred II "The Unready"

Æthelred married of Normandy Emma on 5 Apr 1002 in Winchester Cathedral, England. Emma (daughter of Richard I "The Fearless", Duke of Normandy and Gunnora de Crepon) was born about 982 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; died on 6 Mar 1052 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; was buried on 14 Mar 1051/52 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Æthelred married Ælgifu Gunnarson in 985. Ælgifu (daughter of Thored Gunnarson) was born in 968 in Wessex, England; died in Feb 1002 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Known as "the Confessor", he was born around c. 1003/4 (by 1005) at Islip, Oxon. When he succeeded his half-brother King Hartacanute, on the 8th of June, 1042, the crown of England reverted from the usurping Dainsh dynasty to the line of Cerdic once
more, and for the last tiem. Edward was crowned on the 3rd of April, 1043, at Winchester Cathedral.

He died on the 4th or 5th of January, 1066, at the Palace of Westminster, and was buried in the new Westminster Abbey, built by his command and only recently consecrated.

He was succeeded by Harold, Earl of Wessex, his brother-in-law, to whom he left his throne, with the suport of the Witan, there being no adult claimant to the crown of the line of Cerdic.

Edward and Edith's marriage was purely platonic, the King being unwilling, for religious reasons, to comsummate it, hense there were no children.

His talent lay in the building of churches.

On the 7th of February, 1161, edward the Confessor was canonised, thus becoming the only king of England to be made a saint.

Edward married of Wessex Edith on 23 Jan 1045. Edith (daughter of Godwin and Gytha Thorgilsdottir) was born about 1020; died on 18 Dec 1075 in Palace of Westminster, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Goda married Count of Mantes and the Vexin Walter "Dreux" de Vexin about 1023. Walter (son of Count of Vexin Walter (Gautier) II "The White" de Valois and Adele de Senlis) was born in 979 in Normandy, France; died on 1 Jul 1035 in Bithynia, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Goda married Count of Boulogne II Eustace about 1050. II (son of I Eustace and Mahaut) was born about 1015 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died in 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The death of Edmund Ironside so soon after his peace treaty with Canute has always been suspicious. Although the offcial story was that he died of natural cuases, at least one chronicler claimed that he was murdered. The assassin apparently hid under the king's privy and, when the king came to relieve himself, he was stabbed twice up through the bowels. He is the only king believed to have been murdered on the toilet, though George II also died (of a heart attack) while going to the lavatory.

Edmund married Ealdgyth in Aug 1015 in England. Ealdgyth was born about 995 in Wessex, England; died in 1016 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Earldorman of Northumbria Ughtred "The Bold". Ughtred was born about 971 in Northumberland, England; died in 1016. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ælgifu married Earl of Mercia III Ælfgar in 1062. III (son of Earl of Mercia III Leofric and Godiva) was born before 1002 in Mercia, England; was buried in 1059 in Coventry, Warwick, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Getha Clopa about 1055. Getha was born about 1040 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Gytha FitzOsgood about 1038. Gytha (daughter of Osgood Clapa) was born in 1025 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01545

Some say he married Agatha daughter of Stephen, and some say Agatha was the daughter of Henry II of Germany. Stephen is accepted as being incorrect, and other more complex relationships have been postulated. One has been shown here which is attributed to David Bolesbolesd@goya.its.rpi.edu

Also called Edward the Exile. See also articles by Rene Jette NEHGR 150, 96 and Szabolcs de Vajay in Duquesne Review 7.

Edward married Agatha Wladimirowwitsch in 1035 in Hungary. Agatha (daughter of Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kyiv Yaroslav I "The Wise" Wladimirowwitsch Grand Prince of Kyiv and Ingegarda Olafsdottir, Princess of Sweden) was born about 1025; died after 1070 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Æthelreda married Gospatric de Dunbar, Earl of Northumberland I in 1062 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Gospatric (son of Earl of Dunbar, King of Cumbria Maldred de Molle, Earl of Dunbar and Ældgyth) was born in 1042 in Northumberland, England; died on 15 Dec 1074 in Ubbanford, Northumberland, England; was buried in Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maldred FitzMaldred. Maldred was born in 1044 in Carlisle, Scotland; died in 1084 in Winlaton, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ældgyth married Earl of Dunbar, King of Cumbria Maldred de Molle, Earl of Dunbar in 1036 in Northumberland, England. Maldred (son of Abbot of Dunkeld and Thane of the Isles and Atholl Crinan "The Thane" de Mormaer, Abbot of Dunkeld and Bethoc Alpin) was born in 1003 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; died in 1045. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Earl of Anjou, 1st Baron of Kendal, Earl of Holland in Lincolnshire Ivo (Ives) de Taillebois. Ivo (son of Bertrade de Montfort) was born about 1036 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died in 1094 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Earl of Anjou, 1st Baron of Kendal, Earl of Holland in Lincolnshire Ivo (Ives) de Taillebois. Ivo (son of Bertrade de Montfort) was born about 1036 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died in 1094 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord Spalding Roger de Romara. Roger (son of Gerald de Romara and Aubreye) was born about 1037; died before 1110. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ealdgyth married King of Gwynedd and Powys Gruffydd ap Llewelyn about 1058. Gruffydd (son of Llywelyn ap Seisyllt and Angharad verch Maredydd) was born about 1011 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales; died on 5 Aug 1063. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ealdgyth married King of England Harold II Godwineson about 1052 in York, England. Harold (son of Godwin and Gytha Thorgilsdottir) was born in 1022; died on 14 Oct 1066 in Battle of Hastings, Sussex, England; was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Harold married Margaret d'Avranches about 1084. Margaret (daughter of Viscount of Avranches Richard le Goz and Emma de Conteville) was born about 1054 in Avranches, Normandy, France; died in 1136 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Emma FitzOsbern. Emma (daughter of Earl of Hereford William FitzOsbern and Adeliza (Adelina) de Toeni) was born about 1059 in Breteuil, France; died after 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01512

Canonized 1250 and her feast day is 16th November. In 1057 she arrived at the English court of Edward the Confessor. Ten years later she was in exile after William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. She fled to Scotland where she was married against her wishes to King Malcolm to whom she bore six sons and two daughters. Her unlearned and boorish husband grew daily more graceful and Christian under the queen's graceful influence. Her remains were removed to Escorial Spain and her head Douai, France.

http://www.talweb.com/redlimey/gene/saxonkings.htm#MARGARET
Queen Margaret, "a saintly and determined young woman," began to strip the old Scottish traditions and ways from society. She brought with her the modern culture of England and the current religious beliefs of the Catholic church. Amoung other things, she imposed all the English religious practices upon the Scottish clergy. She was successful in nearly completely erradicating what little was left of the ancient Celtic and Druidic practices. She also saw to the rebuilding of the Monastery of Iona.

St. Margaret died 16 Nov 1093, three days after her husband was killed in an ambush. Her last words are said to have been a prayer of thanks to God for the pain and sadness which purified her in her last days. Her burial is believed to be at the Monastery of Iona. Although I have found no exact mention of this, I have found referance that all kings (and presumably their queens) were buried here up until it was taken by King Magnus Barelegs of Norway in 1098.

For all her actions and benefactions, she was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1251 and became Saint Margaret.

Margaret married King of Scots Malcolm III "Canmore" mac Dhonnchaidh in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Malcolm (son of King of Scots Duncan I Atholl and Sibyl FitzSiward) was born about 1031 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093; was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eldgitha married Eldred de Taillebois in 1072 in Mercia, England. Eldred (son of Earl of Anjou, 1st Baron of Kendal, Earl of Holland in Lincolnshire Ivo (Ives) de Taillebois and Ælaed) was born in 1056 in Workington, Cumberland, England; died in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron Kendal Eldred. Eldred was born in 1056 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sybil Morel. Sybil (daughter of Arkil Morel) was born in 1074 in Bearley, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Londres, 1st Lord Kidwelly. William (son of Thomas (Simon) de Londres and Sibylla de Mille) was born in 1035 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died in 1131 in Ogmore Castle, Glamorgan, Wales; was buried in Ewenny, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1040, Northumberland, England

Gospatric married Æthelreda in 1062 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Æthelreda (daughter of King of England Edmund II "Ironside" and Ealdgyth) was born in 1042 in Northumberland, England; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Orkney, Scotland; was buried in Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eldred married of Northumberland Eldgitha in 1072 in Mercia, England. Eldgitha (daughter of Gospatric de Dunbar, Earl of Northumberland I and Æthelreda) was born in 1057 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Lucy of Bolingbroke
• Name: Lucy Thoroldsdottir

Lucy married Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester in 1098 in Normandy, France. Ranulf (son of Ranulf "Le Meschin" de Briquessart, Viscount of Bessin and Margaret d'Avranches) was born on 26 Jun 1070 in Livry, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 29 Jan 1128 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in St Werburgh, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lucy married Roger FitzGerold about 1095 in of England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hawyse de Redvers. Hawyse (daughter of Seigneur de Reviers Richard de Reviers and Adelise Peverel) was born about 1094. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Trahaearn ap Caradog. Trahaearn (son of Caradog ap Gwyn and verch Gwerystan) was born about 1030 in Arwystli, Montgomeryshire, Wales; died in 1081 in Carno, Arwystli, Montgomeryshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Vladimir Monomakh, Grand Duke of Kyiv II. Vladimir (son of Grand Duke of Kyiv Vsevolod I Yaroslavich and Irene Maria Monomachina) was born in 1053 in Kyiv, Ukraine; died on 19 May 1125 in Kyiv, Ukraine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

He was perhaps born in December, 1066 in Chester, although some authorities have stated that he was an illegitimate son of Harold by his mistress Edith Swanneshals. Ulf is said by some chroniclers to have drowned at sea before 1070, but he is recorded as being alive in 1087 in Normandy.

Notes:

He grew up in exile.

Robert married Sybil about 1145. Sybil was born about 1101 in of Sudley, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John, the elder son, assumed his surname from Sudeley, the chief seat which he inherited, becoming John de Sudeley. He m. Grace, dau. and heir of Henry de Traci, feudal Lord of Barnstaple, and had issue, Ralph and William. He was s. by his elder son. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 520, Sudeley, Barons Sudeley]

Notes:

Ralph rebelled against William I, and was stripped of lands

Family/Spouse: Emma Avice de Vermandois. Emma (daughter of Hugh "The Great" Capet, Duke of France and Burgundy and Adelaide de Vermandois) was born in 1075 in Vermandois, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England

Family/Spouse: Princess of England Sibylla. Sibylla (daughter of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Sibyl Corbet) was born about 1097 in Domfront, Normandy, France; died on 12 Jul 1122 in Island of the Woman, Loch Tay, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

David married Maud Huntingdon in 1113. Maud (daughter of Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland Waltheof Siwardsson and of Lens Judith) was born about 1072 in Huntingdon, Northumberland, England; died on 23 Apr 1130 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Count of Boulogne and Lens Eustace III de Talvas in 1102. Eustace was born about 1059; died on 31 May 1116. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Henry (son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and of Flanders Matilda) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gunnild married Uchtred de Molle about 1144 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Uchtred was born in 1125 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 22 Sep 1174 in Loch Fergus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Christiana. Christiana was born in 1073 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 1128, Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

Maurice married Margaret Verch Caradog in 1099 in Scotland. Margaret was born in 1065 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland; died in 1103 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eldgitha married Eldred de Taillebois in 1072 in Mercia, England. Eldred (son of Earl of Anjou, 1st Baron of Kendal, Earl of Holland in Lincolnshire Ivo (Ives) de Taillebois and Ælaed) was born in 1056 in Workington, Cumberland, England; died in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron Kendal Eldred. Eldred was born in 1056 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sybil Morel. Sybil (daughter of Arkil Morel) was born in 1074 in Bearley, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Londres, 1st Lord Kidwelly. William (son of Thomas (Simon) de Londres and Sibylla de Mille) was born in 1035 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died in 1131 in Ogmore Castle, Glamorgan, Wales; was buried in Ewenny, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Lord of Tonbridge Lord of Cardigan Richard FitzGilbert de Clare about 1115. Richard (son of Earl Hertford Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare and Adeliza (Alice) de Clermont) was born in 1090 in Clare, Suffolk, England; died on 15 Apr 1136 in Slain by Welsh near Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried in Tonbridge, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Lord of Appleby Robert de Condet after 1136. Robert (son of Lord Wickhambreux Osbert de Condet and Adelaide de Chesney) was born about 1108 in Thorngate Castle, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; died about 1141. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ranulph de Meschines (surnamed de Gernons, from being born in Gernon Castle, in Normandy), Earl of Chester. This nobleman, who was a leading military character, took an active part with the Empress Maud, and the young Prince Henry, against King Stephen, in the early part of the contest, and having defeated the king and made him prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, committed him to the castle of Bristol. He subsequently, however, sided with the king, and finally, distrusted by all, died under excommunication in 1155, supposed to have been poisoned by William Peverell, Lord of Nottingham, who being suspected of the crime, is said to have turned monk to avoid its punishment. The earl m. Maud, dau. of Robert, surnamed the Consul, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of King Henry I, and had issue, Hugh, his successor, named Keveliok, from the place of his birth, in Merionethshire; Richard; Beatrix, m. to Ralph de Malpas. His lordship was s. by his elder son, Hugh (Keveliok), 3rd Earl of Chester. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 365, Meschines, Earls of Chester]

----------

Ranulf II de Gernons, 4th Earl of Chester, VICOMTE (Viscount) DEBAYEUX, VICOMTE D'AVRANCHES, Ranulf also spelled RANDULF, or RALPH (b. c. 1100--d. Dec. 16, 1153), a key participant in the English civil war (from 1139) between King Stephen and the Holy Roman empress Matilda (also a claimant to the throne of England). Ranulf, nicknamed 'aux Gernons' (i.e. moustaches), played a prominent and vacillating part in the civil war of Stephen's reign, his actions, in common with most of his peers, springing from personal grievances rather than dynastic loyalty or principle. Ranulf's father, Ranulf I, had been granted the earldom of Chester in 1121 after his maternal uncle had drowned in the White Ship disaster (1120) but, in return, had been compelled to surrender Cumberland and his patrimony of Carlisle. The restoration of these lost estates was the mainspring of much of Ranulf II's political life. Inheriting the Chester earldom in 1129, he initially supported Stephen as king after 1135. However, successive treaties between Stephen and King David of Scotland in 1136 and 1139 gave the Scots large tracts of land in Cumberland coveted by Ranulf who reacted by seizing the town and besieging the castle. Ranulf now allied with the Empress Matilda in defeating the king at Lincoln in February 1141, capturing and briefly imprisoning Stephen. Ranulf's association with the Angevin party was cemented by his marriage in 1141 to the daughter of Robert of Gloucester. Later (1149) he transferred his allegiance to the king in return for a grant of the city and castle of Lincoln. Coventry received its original charter from him. However, his territorial ambitions were no closer realization as the king of Scots was also a close ally of Matilda. In 1145, Ranulf was reconciled to Stephen. However, there was no love lost between Ranulf and the king's entourage, many of whom had suffered at his hands. In August, 1146, at Northampton, Ranulf was suddenly arrested and put in chains when he refused the king's demand to restore all lands he had taken. He was only released when he surrendered all former royal property, including Lincoln. Stephen's arrest of Ranulf was a public relations disaster. He had broken his oath of reconciliation of 1145 and his own promise of protection, thus deterring any more defections from the Angevin faction. Stephen had breached a central tenet of effective medieval rule, that of being a good -- i.e. fair -- lord. Ranulf joined Henry FitzEmpress and was reconciled with David of Scotland who, in return for the lavish grant to Ranulf of most of Lancashire, retained Carlisle. But Ranulf was never a party man. His priorities remained centered on his own territorial and dynastic advantage, as shown by his 'conventio' with a leading royalist baron Robert of Leicester (1149/53). Under this treaty, the two magnates , independently of their rival liege-lords Stephen and Henry FitzEmpress, agreed to limit any hostilities forced between them by their masters and to protect their respective tenurial positions. Ranulf's career, notorious for his arrest in 1146, is more significant as evidence that the drama of high politics was played against a dense background of baronial competition for rights, lands, and inheritances which took precedence over any claims of royalty. [Encyclopedia Britannica CD'97, RANULF DE GERNONS, 4TH EARL OF CHESTER]

Ranulph married Maud FitzRobert de Caen about 1141 in Gloucestershire, England. Maud (daughter of 1st Earl of Gloucester Robert de Caen and Maud FitzHamon) was born in 1117 in Gloucestershire, England; died on 29 Jul 1189 in Chester, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Cecily de Romilly. Cecily (daughter of Robert de Romilly and Murel) was born about 1100 in of Normandy; died in 1151. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Roger FitzReinfrid. Roger (son of Lord Kendal Gilbert de Lancaster and Godith FitzReinsfred) was born in 1114 in Cumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lyubava Dmitrievna. Lyubava was born in 1100; died in 1168. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Petronilla Scudamore about 1175. Petronilla (daughter of Godfrey de Scudamore and Matilda Giffard) was born about 1145 in Kentchurch, Hereford, Herefordshire, England; died after 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amice married 2nd Earl of Leicester Robert II de Beaumont in 1120/1151 in Brittany, France. Robert (son of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1104 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, Normandy, France; died on 5 Apr 1168 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England; was buried in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: of Lincoln Richard. Richard (son of King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" and Ansfride) was born before 1101; died on 25 Nov 1120 in Drowned in wreck of the White Ship near Barfleur, Manche, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Ada (Adelaide) de Warenne in 1139. Ada (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1120 in Surrey, England; died in 1178 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married King of England Stephen de Blois in 1125 in Westminster, London, England. Stephen (son of Count of Blois Stephen Henry II (Etienne Henri) "The Sage" and Adela (Adelle)) was born about 1096 in Blois, France; died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Kent, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was designated Henry's heir, and on his death (1135), Stephen seized the throne and Matilda invaded England (1139) inaugurating a period of inconclusive civil war. She and her second husband (Geoffrey) captured Normandy and in 1152 the Treaty of Wallingford recognized Henry as Stephen's heir.

Burke says she was betrothed in her eighth year (1119) to Henry.

MATILDA (1102-1167), empress, was the daughter of Henry I of England by his first marriage. She was betrothed in 1109 and married in 1114 to the German emperor Henry V. When her husband died (1125) leaving her childless, her father, whose only surviving legitimate child she then was, persuaded his reluctant barons to accept her, on oath, as his successor (Jan. 1, 1127). The novel prospect of a female ruler was itself unwelcome; Matilda's 17-year absence in Germany (where she was not unpopular) and her apparent arrogance estranged her from her father's subjects. Difficulties also might result from her remarriage to provide for the succession. Her marriage in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, heir to Anjou and Maine (designed by Henry I, like her first marriage, for political ends), whose father, Count Fulk, departed immediately after the ceremony to become the consort of Melisende of Jerusalem, flouted the barons' stipulation that she should not marry outside England without their consent, and was unpopular in Normandy and England. On Henry I's death, his nephew Stephen by prompt action secured England and was recognized by Pope Innocent II. Matilda and Geoffrey, however, made some headway in Normandy. Matilda's subsequent challenge to Stephen's position in England mainly depended on the support of her half-brother Earl Robert of Gloucester. After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln (Feb. 1141), Matilda was elected "lady of the English" and would have been queen could she have proceeded to coronation, but active support for her cause still came mainly from the western counties. Her chance of consolidating her precarious victory was swiftly destroyed by a reaction imitated by her tactless handling of London. After her defeat at Winchester in Sept. 1141, her supporters, slowly reduced by death and defection, maintained a stubborn defense until Earl Robert died (1147) and Matilda retired (1148) to Normandy, of which her husband had gained possession. She continued to interest herself in the government of the territories of her eldest son, the future Henry II of England. Her career was not entirely unsuccessful: all the subsequent monarchs of England have been her descendants, not Stephen's. She died in Normandy on Sept. 10, 1167.

Died:
Abbey of Notre Dame de Pres, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France

Matilda married Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, France. Geoffrey (son of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Château-du-Loir, Eure-et-Loire, Normandy, France; was buried in St Julian's Church, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Holy Roman Emperor V Henry on 7 Jan 1113 in Mainz, Germany. V (son of Holy Roman Emperor IV Heinrich and Bertha de Savoy) was born on 11 Aug 1086; died on 23 May 1125 in Utrecht. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: William "The Atheling"
• Birth: 5 Aug 1103, Winchester, Hampshire, England
• Death: 25 Nov 1120

Family/Spouse: Matilda d'Anjou. Matilda (daughter of Fulk V "The Younger" d'Anjou, Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem and of Maine Ermengarde de la Fletche) was born in 1111; died in 1154. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Gartley, Great Chamberalain Walter de Berkeley. Walter was born about 1136 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland; died about 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Godith FitzReinsfred. Godith (daughter of Fulk FitzReinsfred and Alice St. Quintin) was born about 1091 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Eschelyn de Molle in 1106 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Eschelyn was born in 1085 in Molle, Durham, England; died in 1147 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gunnild married Uchtred de Molle about 1144 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Uchtred was born in 1125 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 22 Sep 1174 in Loch Fergus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Christiana. Christiana was born in 1073 in Mercia, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 1128, Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

Maurice married Margaret Verch Caradog in 1099 in Scotland. Margaret was born in 1065 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland; died in 1103 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, is likewise said to have born the title of Earl of Clare. In the 3rd Henry II, this nobleman obtaining from the king all the lands in Wales which he could win, marched into Cardigan with a great army and fortified divers castles thereabouts. In the 9th of the same reign, we find him summoned by the celebrated Thomas-E homage to the prelate for his castle of Tonebruge; which at the command of the king he refused, alleging that holding it by military service it belonged rather to the crown than to the church. His lordship m. Maude (who m. after his decease William d'Aubigny, Earl of Arundel), dau. of James de St. Hillary, by whom he had a son, Richard, his successor. This earl who, from his munificence to the church and his numerous acts of piety, was called the Good, d. in 1173, and was s. by his son, Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p. 119, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]

Roger married Maud de St. Hilaire about 1152 in Field Dalling, Norfolk, England. Maud (daughter of James de St. Hilaire and Aveline Canmore) was born about 1132 in Burkenham, Norfolk, England; died on 24 Dec 1193 in Field Dalling, Walsingham, Norfolk, England; was buried in Priory of Great, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Age: 27

Adeliza married 4th Baron Percy William de Percy in 1134. William (son of 3rd Baron Percy William de Percy and Alice de Ros) was born in 1112 in Topcliffe, North Riding, Yorkshire, England; died in Apr 1175 in Salley Abbey, Craven, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rohese married Earl of Lincoln Gilbert de Gand about 1145 in Folkingham, Lincolnshire, England. Gilbert (son of Earl Lincoln Walter de Gaunt and Matilda (Maud) de Brittany) was born about 1120 in Folkingham, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1156. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Basilia de Dammartin. Basilia (daughter of High Chamberlain Aubrey I de Dammartin and Joan Basset) was born about 1140 in Dammartine, Seine-et-Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isobel married Hugh Bardolf in 1168 in Thurrock, Essex, England. Hugh (son of Hugh Bardolf and Amabilia Lindsay) was born in 1139 in Thurrock, Essex, England; died in 1176. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

This nobleman, Hugh (Keveliok), 3rd Earl of Chester, joined in the rebellion of the Earl of Lancaster and the King of Scots against King Henry II, and in support of that monarch's son, Prince Henry's pretensions to the crown. In which proceeding he was taken prisoner with the Earl of Leicester at Alnwick, but obtained his freedom soon afterwards upon the king's reconciliation with the young prince. Again, however, hoisting the standard of revolt both in England and Normandy, with as little success, he was again seized and then detained a prisoner for some years. He eventually, however, obtained his liberty and restoration of his lands when public tranquility became completely reestablished some time about the 23rd year of the king's reign. His lordship m. Bertred, dau. of Simon, Earl of Evereux, in Normandy, and had issue, I. Ranulph, his successor; I. Maud, m. to David, Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William, King of Scotland, and had one son and four daus., viz., 1. John, surnamed le Scot, who s. to the Earldom of Chester, d. s. p. 7 June, 1237; 1. Margaret, m. to Alan de Galloway, and had a dau., Devorguilla, m. to John de Baliol, and was mother of John de Baliol, declared King of Scotland in the reign of Edward I; 2. Isabel, m. to Robert de Brus, and was mother of Robert de Brus, who contended for the crown of Scotland, temp. Edward I; 3. Maud, d. unm.; Ada, m. to Henry de Hastings, one of the competitors for the Scottish crown, temp. Edward I; II. Mabill, m. to William de Albini, Earl of Arundel; III. Agnes, m. to William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby; IV. Hawise, m. to Robert, son of Sayer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester.

The earl had another dau., whose legitimacy is questionable, namely, Amicia, * m. to Ralph de Mesnilwarin, justice of Chester, "a person," says Dugdale, "of very ancient family," from which union the Mainwarings, of Over Peover, in the co. Chester, derive. Dugdale considers Amicia to be a dau. of the earl by a former wife. But Sir Peter Leicester, in his Antiquities of Chester, totally denies her legitimacy. "I cannot but mislike," says he, "the boldness and ignorance of that herald who gave to Mainwaring (late of Peover), the elder, the quartering of the Earl of Chester's arms; for if he ought of right to quarter that coat, then must the be descended from a co-heir to the Earl of Chester; but he was not; for the co-heirs of Earl Hugh married four of the greatest peers in the kingdom."

The earl d. at Leeke, in Staffordshire, in 1181, and was s. by his only son, Ranulph, surnamed Blundevil (or rather Blandevil) from the place of his birth, the town of Album Monasterium, modern Oswestry, in Powys), as 4th Earl of Chester.

* Upon the question of this lady's legitimacy there was a long paper war between Sir Peter Leicester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring---and eventually the matter was referred to the judges, of whose decision Wood says, "a tan assize held at Chester, 1675, the controversy was decided by the justices itinerant, who, as I have heard, adjudged the right of the matter to Mainwaring." [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, pp. 365-6, Meschines, Earls of Chester]

Hugh married Bertrade de Montfort in 1169 in Montfort-sur-Risle, Eure, Normandy, France. Bertrade (daughter of Count d'Evereux Simon III de Montfort and Amicia (Maud) de Beaumont) was born in 1155 in Montfort-sur-Risle, Eure, Normandy, France; died on 12 Jul 1189 in Evreux, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Baron of Wigmore Hugh de Mortimer. Hugh (son of Ralph de Mortimer and Millicent de Ferrers) was born in 1108 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died on 26 Feb 1184 in Cleobury, Salopshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Courcy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Tanghurst married David le Clerc de Malpas in 1143. David (son of William le Belward de Malpas and Mabel d'Avranches) was born in 1129 in Malpas, Cheshire, England; died in 1144 in Malpas, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helewise de Lancaster. Helewise (daughter of Baron Kendall William Lancaster and Helwise de Stuteville) was born in 1182 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: II Geza. II was born about 1130; died on 3 May 1162. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sibyl married Robert I de Tregoz about 1198 in Ewyas, Herefordshire, England. Robert was born about 1145 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 29 Apr 1215 in Ewyas Harold, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sibyl married Roger I de Clifford after 1214. Roger (son of Sheriff of Hereford Walter II de Clifford and Lady of Cavenby Agnes de Condet) was born in 1190 in Clifford's Castle, Herefordshire, England; died in 1231 in Tenbury, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hawise married 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert about 1150. William (son of 1st Earl of Gloucester Robert de Caen and Maud FitzHamon) was born on 23 Nov 1116 in Gloucestershire, England; died on 23 Nov 1183 in Cardiff Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Petronella de Grandmesnil in 1152/1180. Petronella (daughter of Baron Hinckley Hugh de Grandmesnil and Alice de Beaumont) was born about 1130 in Leicestershire, England; died on 1 Apr 1212 in Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV in 1160. Conan (son of Alan "The Black" of Penthièvre and of Brittany Bertha of Cornouaille, Duchess of Brittany) was born in 1138; died on 20 Feb 1171. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford Lord of Trowbridge Constable of England III in Apr 1175 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. Humphrey (son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Baron of Trowbridge II and Margaret de Gloucester) was born in 1144 in Bromyard, Herefordshire, England; died in Dec 1181 in Brosse, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Hempsted, City of Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maude "of Chester" de Kevelioc. Maude (daughter of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born in 1171 in Chester, Chestershire, England; died on 6 Jan 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Born in 1143, William the Lion was the younger brother of Malcolm IV. A year after his accession, he went to Normandy with Henry II and later spent Easter 1170 at Windsor. In 1174, however, he joined Henry II's son in his rebellion against his father, and invaded England. He was captured at Alnwick, Northumberland and brought to Henry II with 'his feet shackled beneath the belly of his horse.' He was then held prisoner first in Yorkshire, later at Northampton and finally in France. He was released by the terms of the Treaty of Falaise of 8 December 1174, having been forced to agree to do homage to Henry II 'for Scotland and for all his other lands', and surrender key Scottish castles such as Edinburgh and Stirling.

As William's feudal lord, Henry now had the right to arrange his marriage, and he gave him Ermengarde de Beaumont, whose father was the son of an illegitimate daughter of Henry I. William eventually recovered Scotland from the English king's feudal overlordship, however, when Henry II was succeeded by Richard I. Richard, determined to raise money for his third Crusade, surrendered his feudal superiority over Scotland for 10,000 merks by the Quitclaim of Canterbury on 5 December 1189 and Scotland was an independent country once more. In 1196-7, William established his sovereignty in Caithness.

Under William, the development of feudal institutions continued; in part, the Scottish monarchy's government closely resembled England's. William established royal burghs in eastern Scotland up to moray Firth, and extended the use of sheriffs in the same area. Perth and Stirling became major centres of royal administration.

William I was a vigorous royal patron of the Scottish Church - he founded Arbroath Abbey, Angus in or before 1178. In 1182 Pope Lucius III sent him the Golden Rose and in 1188 Pope Clement III took the Scottish Church under his special protection. In 1192, the Pope granted a Bull to William that recognised the separate identity of the Scottish Church (previously the Church in Scotland had been brought under the authority of the Archbishop of York), and its independence of all ecclesiastical authorities apart from Rome. Gervase of Canterbury described William as 'a man of outstanding sanctity ... much preferring to have peace than the sword and to provide for his people by wisdom rather than iron'. William died at Stirling on 4 December 1214, aged 71, and was buried at Arbroath

Family/Spouse: William de Say. William (son of William de Say and Beatrice de Mandeville) was born about 1126 in Kimbolton, Norfolk, England; died before 1 Aug 1177. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marie married Count of Boulogne Matthew d'Alsace in 1160. Matthew (son of Duke of Alsace, Count of Flanders III Thierry and Sibylla d'Anjou) was born about 1137 in Flanders, Belgium; died on 25 Jul 1173 in Battle of Driencourt. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Count of Meulan Earl of Worcester Waleran de Beaumont in 1136. Waleran (son of 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, Count Meulan I and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born in 1104 in Beaumont, Normandy, France; died on 4 Oct 1166. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne about 1149. Isabel (daughter of 3rd Earl of Surrey William III de Warenne and Adela d'Alencon) was born in 1137 in Surrey, England; died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostilities with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy.

Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of the Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffrey the Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestuous, and both parties were glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going to England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritage for young Henry.

He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made her dramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across the ice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. His next visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited a small army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, but failed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended up borrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, two years later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, his were skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimes frightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, of which his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of his father's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him.

Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great deal for the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in their lives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford, and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, she would bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in her own right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit and win, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees in the south.

Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He was intelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write; immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who loved travel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages; carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to conceal his baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned not to grow fat.

But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with a large force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gained control of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucial battle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because in the preparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, a bad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, a cheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxious advisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parley privately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there were only two of them there, at the narrowest point of the Thames, with Henry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to have come to an agreement to take negotiations further.

That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry an heir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced his faithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soon confirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule in his place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry and Eleanor were crowned in London.

Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensed castles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handed justice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked by civil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, when guerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killed him; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changed from being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162.

The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination to continue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in the country. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royal justices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal local systems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 and Northampton in 1176, he got his council's agreement to a series of measures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with the widest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel, too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like a modern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, the assize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system.

Henry traveled constantly, and much of the time in his Continental territories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usually inspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keep the integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this was no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King of France which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again did homage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine and Brittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henry crowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession, surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the world onto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had no intention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title does not rest until he has that title's power.

Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland - escaping from the world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas at Dublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish.

Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them to revolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to the French court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henry clamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilst he was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland, and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen broke into revolt.

Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealing with the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned to England, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town he walked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and went to keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming out to relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monks of Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, but some with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five.

It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry was brought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He moved quickly northwards, receiving rebels' submission all the time. He met up with Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My other sons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true and legitimate son.'

Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis and his three rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though still no share of power.

Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, and quickly proved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats, such as capturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls and moats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue - they loved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, shows well in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents and pavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the field knights and horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken and overwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with a line of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of different hues, shields that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and wounded roving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of naught but the breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find no such savor in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout "On! On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; and in seeing men great and small go down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'

These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry. He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless and thoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the serious business of government. Then in the middle of his new rebellion he caught dysentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck --one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out.

The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was not going to rush into making a new one. He called his favorite youngest son, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into his brother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favorite -- had made Aquitaine his home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused to give his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself.

Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned against himself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bring her to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King of France, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories, all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to be planning a joint crusade.

In 1188 Henry, already ill with the abscessed anal fistula that was to cause him such an agonizing death, refused point blank to recognize Richard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was at the root of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking he was playing his usual canny hand.

But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June 1189, Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and he was forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curses on God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, his usual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physical condition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to his aid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be held on his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to their every condition for peace.

Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news that John, for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons-- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it was his bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There was not even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over and again he cried out in agony "Shame! shame on a vanquished king!"

After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt and drawers. When the marshal came to arrange the burial he had to scratch around for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare gold edging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent his sovereignty.

And yet Henry had foreseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he had long before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: the picture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourth perched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time should come. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry married Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William X "The Toulousan" and Eleanor Chatellerault de Rochefoucald) was born about 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rosamond de Clifford. Rosamond (daughter of Walter I de Clifford and Margaret de Toeni) was born in 1136 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Ingelram (Ingram) de Baillol about 1195 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland. Ingelram was born in 1167 in Harcourt, Eure, Normandy, France; died in 1244 in Tours-en-Vimeu, Pickardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rohese de Romara. Rohese (daughter of 1st Earl of Lincoln William de Romara and Hawyse de Redvers) was born about 1120 in Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Gundred de Warenne about 1154. Gundred (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1109 in Surrey, Surrey, England; died about 1166 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eschyna married Walter FitzAlan, 1st Great Steward of Scotland in 1131 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Walter (son of Alan FitzFlaad, Lord of Oswestry and Aveline De Hespine) was born in 1106 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died on 2 Feb 1177 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; was buried in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Gartley, Great Chamberalain Walter de Berkeley. Walter was born about 1136 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland; died about 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Godith FitzReinsfred. Godith (daughter of Fulk FitzReinsfred and Alice St. Quintin) was born about 1091 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Eschelyn de Molle in 1106 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Eschelyn was born in 1085 in Molle, Durham, England; died in 1147 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, who in the 7th Richard I gave 1000 pounds to the king for livery of the lands of his mother's inheritance with his proportion of those sometime belonging to Giffard, Earl of Buckingham. His lordship m. Amicia, 2nd dau. and co-heiress (with her sisters Mabell, wife of the Earl of Evereux, in Normandy, and Isabel, the divorced wife of King John) of William, Earl of Gloucester, by whom he had issue, Gilbert, his successor, and Joan, m. to Rhys-Grig, Prince of South Wales. This earl, who was one of the twenty-five barons appointed to enforce Magna Carta, d. in 1218, and was s. by his son, Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p. 119, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]

Richard married Countess of Gloucester Amicia about 1180. Amicia (daughter of 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert and Hawise de Beaumont) was born in 1160 in Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 1 Jan 1224/25 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Munchensi. William was born about 1167 in Swanscombe, Kent, England; died before 7 May 1204 in Winfarthing, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Aveline married 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers before 29 May 1205 in England. Geoffrey (son of Piers de Lutgareshale and Maud de Mandeville) was born before 1163 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 14 Oct 1213 in Walden, Essex, , England; was buried in Shouldham Priory, Downham, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married 5th Baron Percy Joscelin de Louvain in 1154 in Egmanton, Nottinghamshire, England. Joscelin (son of Count of Leuven and Brussels, Landgraves of Brabant Godfrey de Leuven, Duke of Lorraine I and of Burgundy Clementia) was born in 1121 in Louvain, Brabant, Belgium; died on 29 Sep 1180 in Petworth, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Simon III de St. Liz. Simon (son of Earl of Huntingdon Simon de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon II and Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont) was born about 1138; died in Jun 1184; was buried in St Andrew's Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sheriff of Hereford Walter II de Clifford. Walter (son of Walter I de Clifford and Margaret de Toeni) was born about 1145 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1223 in Clifford's Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isolda married Henry de Grey about 1199 in Thurrock, Essex, England. Henry (son of Richard de Grey and Mabilia) was born in 1172 in of Codner, Derbyshire, England; died in 1219. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isolda married Reynold de Meudre about 1215 in Thurrock, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mabel married 4th Earl of Arundel William d'AubignyChester, Cheshire, England. William (son of 3rd Earl of Arundel William d'Aubigny and Mabel de Chester) was born about 1173 in Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 1 Feb 1220/21 in Cainell near Rome, Latium, Italy; was buried in Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Hawise de Meschines
• Birth: 1170, Chester, Cheshire, England
• Death: Bef 3 Mar 1242/43

Family/Spouse: Robert de Quincy. Robert (son of Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester IV and Margaret de Beaumont) was born in 1172 in Winchester Buckley, Hampshire, England; died in Aug 1257 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Clerkenwell, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Warren de Bostock. Warren was born about 1180 in Henbury, Cheshire, England; died about 1206. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: 8th Earl of Huntingdon David Huntington. David (son of 3rd Earl of Huntingdon Henry Dunkeld and Ada (Adelaide) de Warenne) was born about 1144 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England; died on 17 Jun 1219 in Yardley, Northants, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ranulph married Duchess of Brittany Constance on 3 Feb 1186/87. Constance (daughter of Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV and Margaret de Huntingdon) was born about 1161; died on 5 Sep 1201 in Nantes, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married 4th Earl of Derby William II de Ferrers on 2 Nov 1192. William (son of 3rd Earl of Derby William de Ferrers and Sybil de Braose) was born in 1172 in Ferrers, Derbyshire, England; died on 22 Sep 1247. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The earl had another dau., whose legitimacy is questionable, namely, Amicia, * m. to Ralph de Mesnilwarin, justice of Chester, "a person," says Dugdale, "of very ancient family," from which union the Mainwarings, of Over Peover, in the co. Chester, derive. Dugdale considers Amicia to be a dau. of the earl by a former wife. But Sir Peter Leicester, in his Antiquities of Chester, totally denies her legitimacy. "I cannot but mislike," says he, "the boldness and ignorance of that herald who gave to Mainwaring (late of Peover), the elder, the quartering of the Earl of Chester's arms; for if he ought of right to quarter that coat, then must he be descended from a co-heir to the Earl of Chester; but he was not; for the co-heirs of Earl Hugh married four of the greatest peers in the kingdom."

* Upon the question of this lady's legitimacy there was a long paper war between Sir Peter Leicester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring---and eventually the matter was referred to the judges, of whose decision Wood says, "a tan assize held at Chester, 1675, the controversy was decided by the justices itinerant, who, as I have heard, adjudged the right of the matter to Mainwaring." [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, pp. 365-6, Meschines, Earls of Chester]

Family/Spouse: Isabel de Ferrers. Isabel (daughter of Walkelin de Ferrers and Alice Leche) was born about 1036. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margrett Eynion. Margrett was born in 1155 in Malpas, Cheshire, England; died in 1269 in Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Helewise married Lord Skelton Peter II de Brus in 1213 in England. Peter (son of Peter I de Brus and Joan Grammaire) was born about 1181 in Skelton, Yorkshire, England; died on 7 Sep 1241 in Marseilles, Bouches Du Rhone, France; was buried in 1242 in Priory, Guisborough, Yorkshire North Riding, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

III married Agnes de Chatillon in 1168 in Constantinople, Turkey. Agnes was born about 1150 in Versailles, France; died about 1184. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord Knockyn John III le Strange. John (son of John II le Strange and Amicia le Strange) was born about 1194; died about 1269. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of Lorraine Hawise de Botterell. Hawise (daughter of John Botterell) was born in 1225 in Tenbury, Worcestershire, England; died in 1301 in Tenbury, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John divorced her on the ground of consanguinity; her grandfather Robert being an illegitimate son of Henry I. Burke also names her as Avisa.

Also known as Hawise, Joan, Eleanor.

The Complete Peerage vol. V, pp 689-692.

[From Burke's Peerage-see source for details]

An undoubted Earl of Gloucester, perhaps the first authentic one, at any rate after the Conquest, is Robert FitzHamon's son-in-law, another Robert, who was an illegitimate son of Henry I and was so created 1122. The Earldom passed to his eldest son, William FitzRobert, and from him to John, later King John and husband from 1189 to 1199 (when he divorced her) of Isabel, the youngest of William FitzRobert's three daughters. On John's coming to the throne the title did not merge in the Crown for it was not his in his own right but in right of his wife.

Isabel's situation now became that of a great heiress, for whoever she married next would gain the Earldom. John prevented her taking a second husband at all for the time being, however, and exchanged the Earldom of Gloucester with Aumarie de Montfort, son of William FitzRobert's eldest daughter Mabel, for the Comte of Evereux, which he then used as a dowry to secure the marriage of his niece Blanche with the King of France's son. Aumarie died childless and Isabel, who towards the end of John's reign married as her second husband Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and in right of his new wife now Earl of Gloucester too, died childless after marrying in the autumn of 1217 yet a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent.

The latter seems not to have been recognized as Earl of Gloucester as well as of Kent, despite his wife's undoubted possession of the former Earldom by the time of their marriage. But then she died only a few days later and her sister Amice, by now the only one of William FitzRobert's daughters still living, seems to have been recognized as Countess of Gloucester till her own death some seven and a half years later. On the other hand Amice's son Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford or of Clare (usually called the latter), was apparently acknowledged as Earl of Gloucester in addition this other dignity from as soon as the month after his aunt Isabel's death back in 1217.

Isabel married 5th Earl of Essex Geoffrey de Mandeville before 1216. Geoffrey (son of 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers and Beatrix de Say) was born about 1184 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 23 Feb 1215/16 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Trinity Priory within Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married King of England John I "Lackland" Plantagenet on 19 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. John (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married 1st Earl of Kent Hubert de Burgh about Oct 1217. Hubert was born about 1165; died on 12 May 1243; was buried in Blackfriars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amicia married 4th Earl of Hertford Richard de Clare about 1180. Richard (son of Earl of Hertford Roger de Clare and Maud de St. Hilaire) was born about 1153 in Tunbridge Castle, Kent, England; died in 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

[From Burke' Peerage - see source for details]

John (King of ENG) prevented her (Isabel, youngest daughter of William FitzRobert) taking a second husband at all for the time being, however, and exchanged the Earldom of Gloucester with Aumarie de Montfort, son of William FitzRobert's eldest daughter Mabel, for the Comte of Evereux, which he then used as a dowry to secure the marriage of his niece Blanche with the King of France's son. Aumarie died childless.

Mabel married Comte d'Evereux Amaury V de Montfort about 1170. Amaury (son of Count d'Evereux Simon III de Montfort and Amicia (Maud) de Beaumont) was born about 1151 in Evereux, Eure, Normandy, France; died in 1191 in Evereux, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester IV in 1173 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. Saer (son of Robert de Quincy, Lord of Buckley and Countess of Leuchars Orabilis de Leuchars) was born in 1155 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 13 Nov 1219 in Damietta, Egypt; was buried in Acre, Northern District, Israel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Laurette de Braose. Laurette (daughter of 4th Lord of Bramber William III de Braose and Maud de St. Valery) was born in 1176 in Bramber, Sussex, England; died on 4 Mar 1266 in Hackington, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Earl of Bretagne. Earl of Richmond Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany II in Jul 1181. Geoffrey (son of King of England Henry II "Curtmantlel" Plantagenet and Duchess of Aquitaine Eleanor) was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, Seine, France; was buried in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married 4th Earl of Chester Ranulph de Blundeville on 3 Feb 1186/87. Ranulph (son of 3rd Earl of Chester Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born about 1172 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died in 1232; was buried in St. Werburgs, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of Essex Maud de Mandeville. Maud (daughter of 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers and Beatrix de Say) was born in 1177 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 27 Aug 1236 in of Warwick, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick before 1190. Waleran (son of 2nd Earl of Warwick Roger de Beaumont and Gundred de Warenne) was born in 1153 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Galloway Alan FitzRoland. Alan was born about 1175; died in 1234; was buried in Dundrennan Abbey, Galloway, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrix married 1st Earl of Essex Geoffrey FitzPiers before 25 Jan 1184/85 in Essex, England. Geoffrey (son of Piers de Lutgareshale and Maud de Mandeville) was born before 1163 in Saffron Walden, Essex, England; died on 14 Oct 1213 in Walden, Essex, , England; was buried in Shouldham Priory, Downham, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Boclande. William (son of Hugh de Boclande and Maud de Mandeville) was born about 1155 in Westoning, Bedfordshire, England; died in 1216. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Brabant I Henry in 1179. I (son of Count of Leuven and Brussels, Landgraves of Brabant III Godfrey and of Limburg Margaret) was born in 1165 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium; died on 5 Sep 1235 in Colonge, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Count of Auxonne and Traves Stephen (Etienne) de Macon, II. Stephen (son of Count of Macon and Auxonne William (Guillaume) de Macon, III and Poncette de Treves) was born about 1122 in France; died after 21 Jul 1173. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Crowned in 1170.

Stammtafeln says married 21 Aug 1172.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Capet. Margaret (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born in Nov 1157; died about Sep 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at a tournament by his horse.

Geoffrey married Duchess of Brittany Constance in Jul 1181. Constance (daughter of Conan of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany IV and Margaret de Huntingdon) was born about 1161; died on 5 Sep 1201 in Nantes, Brittany, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married King of Castile VIII Alfonso on 21 Sep 1177 in Burgos Cathedral, Castile, Spain. VIII (son of King of Castile III Sancho and of Navarre Blanche) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Castile, Spain; died on 5 Oct 1214 in Avevalo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Duke of Saxony And Bavaria V Henry on 1 Feb 1167 in Minden Cathedral, Saxony, Germany. V was born in 1129 in Ravensburg, Donau, Wuerttemberg, Germany; died on 6 Aug 1195 in Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede.

His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possessions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160.

King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.

Matthew Paris wrote, 'Foul as it is, hell itself is defiled by the presence of King John', and this pretty well sums up John's reputation--until 1944, that is. For in that year Professor Galbraith demonstrated in a lecture to an astonished world that the chief chronicle source for the reign of John was utterly unreliable. Since then bad King John has been getting better and better, until now he is nearly well again, and a leading scholar in the field has seriously warned us that the twentieth century could well create it own John myth.

A man who can create so many myths, or rather have them created about him, is clearly outstanding in some way, but the myths hide the truth. Plainly the chroniclers who invented stories about him after his death can tell us little, and we should not take too much notice of people who condemned John for carrying out his father's (and his brother's officials') policies and administrative routines, nor indeed those who condemned him because of the bitter troubles that happened in the succeeding reign, troubles which were in no means entirely of John's making. Recent historians have turned to the administrative records of his reign, and found there a very different picture; but still the lingering doubts remain--were these records the result of John's skill and application or of those of his able staff?

John was a paunchy little man, five feet five inches tall, with erect head, staring eyes, flaring nostrils and thick lips set in a cruel pout, as his splendid monument at Worcester shows. He had the tempestuous nature of all his family, and a driving demoniac energy: Professor Barlow says that 'he prowled around his kingdom, ' which is an evocative phrase, but it would be truer to say that he raced around it. He was fastidious about his person--taking more baths than several other medieval kings put together, and owning the ultimate in luxury, for that time, a dressing-gown. He loved good food and drink, and gambled a great deal, though he usually lost--the results of his typical impatience and carelessness are recorded on his expense rolls; above all things he loved women. Some say his 'elopement' was the cause of his loss of Normandy. He was generous to the poor (for instance, he remitted to them the penalties of the forest law), and to his servants; at the least he went through the motions of being a Christian king. He was extortionate, though if one considers the terrific increase in his outgoings (a mercenary soldier cost him 200 per cent more in wages than he would have in Henry II's day) one can understand some of his actions in the field. He was deeply concerned about justice, took care to attend to court business, and listened to supplicants with sympathy; he had also an urgent desire for peace in the land, saying that his peace was to be observed 'even if we have granted it to a dog.' But for all that, he had two totally unredeeming vices; he was suspicious, and enjoyed a cloak-and-dagger atmosphere--simply he did not inspire trust in his subjects. Dr. Warren says of him with some justice that if he had lived in the twentieth century he would have adored to run a secret police.

He was born at Oxford on Christmas Eve 1167. He was oblated for a monk at the abbey of Fontevrault at the age of one year, but was back at court by the time he was six--plainly he had no vocation, but he probably picked up at this early stage his fastidiousness and his passion for books: his library followed him wherever he went. He was his father's favorite, but he turned against the old man when his chance came, as he did against Richard (who had been very generous to his brother) when the latter was in captivity in 1193. The episode was a miserable failure, but it possibly sowed the seeds of distrust for John in England, where they began to sprout luxuriantly in 1199 when Richard died and John came to the throne.

Immediately the challenge came: Philip Augustus, the wily King of France, was backing John's nephew, Prince Arthur of Brittany (son of John's elder brother Geoffrey) as a contender for the throne, and England's French possessions fell prey to civil war. John found grave difficultly in dealing with the situation for a number of reasons, but in 1202 he made the remarkable coup of capturing Arthur by force-marching his troops eighty miles in forty-eight hours; but then his prosecution of the war became listless, and he lost much sympathy by his brutal murder of Arthur whilst in a drunken rage. By 1204 Normandy was lost.

The loss of Normandy seemed to wake John up, and he now deployed his every energy in building up the coastal defenses of Britain, now faced with an enemy the other side of the Channel, instead of just more of her own territory. The navy was built up, and the army, and John poured a quarter of his annual revenue into defense. But he could not persuade the baronage to support him in a counterstroke to regain Normandy: the barons of the north country had never owned land in Normandy and did not see why they should pay to regain southerner's castles for them. These 'Northerners' as they called themselves, were a hive of discontent, and more was to be heard from them. Meanwhile, John sailed angrily about in the Channel, cursing ineffectually.

Other troubles were to come first, however. In 1205 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walker, died, and John assumed that he would have the choice of the new archbishop. However, Pope Innocent III was no man to support secular control over church appointments, and supported the right of the monks of Canterbury to select their own archbishop. For two years the storms blew between England and Rome, then Stephen Langton was appointed. Meanwhile John had driven the monks into exile and appropriated the revenues of the archdiocese. He had fallen out also with his half-brother, Geoffrey Archbishop or York, over tax-collection, and he too fled abroad while John collected his revenues. Four bishops joined in his fight--tension was growing to the snapping point. In 1208 the Pope put an Interdict on England, which in effect meant the clergy went on strike, or, in certain cases and areas, worked to rule. John began negotiations with Innocent, but, finding that he demanded unconditional surrender, stopped them and took over all ecclesiastical properties and incomes. He did leave the clergy sufficient to live, though barely; but he still gained a large increment to his usual finances. In November 1209 the Pope took the final step of excommunicating the King, which, in that it made him an outlaw in Christendom, did far more damage than the Interdict.

John used his enlarged treasury to restore order in Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and to rebuild the old alliance with Otto IV of Germany and the Count of Flanders against Philip Augustus. He planned a two-pronged attack on France, to take place in 1212. But that year turned out an unlucky one for John, for the barons again refused to serve abroad, and the army he had was needed to put down a revolt in Wales; the Pope was threatening to demote him, and Philip Augustus was planning a massive invasion of England. John had to give in in one direction, for the pressure was much too great: he chose the Pope, and wisely so. He agreed to return to the status quo in the matter of church property and establishment, and to pay compensation; he further resigned his kingdom into the hands of the Pope, to receive it back in return for his homage and an annual tribute of 1,000 marks (a mark being two-thirds of a pound].

He had won a notable ally in Innocent III, who supported him faithfully throughout his troubles. Then his fleet, his own creation, had the good luck to find the French fleet at anchor and unprotected, destroyed it, and so made a French invasion impossible. On the crest of a wave, John determined to put his two-pronged invasion plan into action, but once more the northern barons refused to play, and he set off to punish them. Stephen Langton had arrived on the scene by now and managed to persuade John not to provoke the barons further.

In 1214 he finally managed to put his long cherished plan into action, but the two attacks were not properly coordinated; Otto was defeated at Bovines, and John was deserted by his Protein knights.

In 1215 John faced a baronage in turmoil: they could point to the failure of his expensive schemes, he ascribed his failure to their total lack of support. The situation could not be more tense. John's nervousness can be seen in his taking of the cross, a blatant attempt to reinforce his alliance with the papacy. In April the Northerners met at Stamford; they were by now a mixture of northerners and southerners--the name was now merely a nickname--but by and large they were the younger element in the kingdom, roughnecks out for a spree. They moved south and were let into London by a faction, and received the expected encouragement from Philip Augustus in the form of siege engines brought over by one Eustace, a renegade monk turned pirate.

John offered arbitration, but the barons turned it down, and while he put his faith in an appeal to Rome, Stephen Langton, in cooperation with William Marshal and other more stable and sensible barons, were working on the Northerners' demands to incorporate them into a general charter, which would not only govern feudal relationships, but would also lay down a more general pattern of legality in government. On 15 June John fixed his seal to the draft of Magna Carat, and on 19 June attested copies were sent to all parts of the kingdom.

The King did his part thoroughly, though for how long he would have continued is another matter, but the barons continued to distrust him. They remained in arms, organizing tournaments as their excuse, saying that the prize would be 'a bear a certain lady would send.' This was civil war, and John took to it with a fiendish glee. He reduced the north and the east, and was about to mop up the remainder of the opposition in London when Philip Augustus' son Louis landed in force to help the barons (May 1216). John had been riding hard for months, and was sick with dysentery after a bout of over-eating; whilst crossing the Wash, the whole of his baggage-train was lost. At Newark Castle on 18 October, he died, desiring to be buried near his patron saint Wolfsan in Worcester Cathedral.

He was by no means a good man, and his energies could well have been put to a better use, but in a different situation he might well have made a great king. His constant failure was discipline, over himself first, and others second. John reminds me of nothing so much as the type of person who is brilliant in many ways, and has many gifts, but leaves after two terms 'not suited to teaching in this type of school.' [Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1995]

John married Countess of Angoulême Isabella Taillefer on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Count of Angoulême Aymer Taillefer and Alix Courtenay) was born in 1188 in Angoumé, Landes, Aquitaine, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Countess of Gloucester Isabel FitzRobert on 19 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. Isabel (daughter of 2nd Earl of Gloucester William FitzRobert and Hawise de Beaumont) was born about 1165 in Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Gather de Ferrers in 1188. Gather (daughter of 3rd Earl of Derby William de Ferrers and Sybil de Braose) was born in 1168 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England; died on 4 Sep 1201 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Adela de Warenne. Adela (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1164 in Surrey, England; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Suzanne de Warenne about 1186. Suzanne (daughter of 5th Earl of Surrey Hamelin de Warenne and Countess of Surrey Isabel de Warenne) was born about 1166 in Surrey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Burke says born 1155 died 1156.

Notes:

Reigned 1189-1199. Prisoner in Germany 1192-1194.

A hero of Medieval legends spent all but 6 months of his reign abroad. He became Duke of Aquitaine in 1168 and of Poitiers in 1172. He joined the 3rd crusade in 1189 and conquered Messina and Cyprus before arriving in the Holy Land. His victory at Arsuf gained Joppa (1191). On his way home he was captured in Austria and was only released by Emperor Henry VI after payment of an enormous ransom (1194). He returned briefly to England but died in France.

Richard married of Navarre Berengaria on 12 May 1191 in Chapel of St George, Limasol, Cyprus. Berengaria (daughter of King of Navarre Sancho VI "The Wise") was born in 1163 in Pamplona, Spain; died after 1230 in l'Epau Abbey, Le Mans, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Countess of the Vexin Alys Capet. Alys (daughter of King of France Louis VII "The Younger" Capet and Constance Burgundy) was born on 4 Oct 1160; died about 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died in childbirth, having been veiled a nun on her deathbed.

Birth:
Angers Castle, Anjou, France

Joan married King of Toulouse VI Raymond in 1179/1196. VI was born in 1149/1168; died in 1222. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married King of Sicily William in 1179/1188. William was born in 1148/1168; died in 1189. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Longespee became Earl of Salisbury in right of his wife. In the beginning of King John's reign this nobleman was sheriff of Wiltshire, he was afterwards warden of the marches of Wales, and then sheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon. About this period (14th John)[1213], the baronial contest commencing, William Longespee at once espoused the royal cause and maintained it so stoutly that he was included by the barons amongst the evil councilors of the crown. The next year he was again constituted sheriff of Wilts and he held the office from that time during the remainder of his life. He had also grant of the honor of Eye, in Suffolk, and was the same year a witness to the agreement made between King John and the barons as guarantee forth former. He was likewise a witness to the charter whereby John resigned his kingdom to the Pope. After this we find him a principal leader in the royal army until the very close of John's reign, when he swerved in his loyalty and joined, for a short period, the ranks of Lewis of France. Upon the accession, however, of Henry III [1216], he did homage to that monarch, particularly for the county of Somerset, which the king then gave him; and joining with William Marshall. governor of the king and kingdom, raised the siege of Lincoln when he was constituted sheriff of Lincolnshire and governor of Lincoln Castle, being invested at the same time with sheriff of the co. of Somerset, and governorship of the castle of Shirburne. His lordship soon afterwards accompanied the Earl of Chester to the Holy Land, and was at the battle of Damieta, in which the crescent triumphed. He served subsequently in the Gascon wars, whence returning to England, Dugdale relates, "there arose so great a tempest at sea that, despairing of life, he threw his money and rich apparel overboard. But when all hopes were passed, they discerned mighty taper of wax burning bright at the prow of the ship and beautiful woman standing by it who preserved it from wind and rain so that it gave a clear and bright luster. Upon sight of which heavenly vision both himself and the mariners concluded of their future security, but everyone there being ignorant what this vision might portend except the earl, he, however, attributed it to the benignity of the blessed virgin by reason that, upon the day when he was honored with the girdle of knighthood, he brought a taper to her altar to be lighted ever day at mass when the canonical hours used to be sung, and to the intent that, for this terrestrial light, he might enjoy that which is eternal. "Arumour, however, reached England of the earls having been lost, and Hubert de Burgh, with the concurrence of the king, provided a suitor for his supposed widow, but the lady, in the interim, having received letters from her husband, rejected the suit with indignation. The earl soon after came to the king at Marlborough and, being received with great joy, he preferred a strong complaint against Hubert de Burgh, adding that, unless the king would do him right therein, he should vindicate himself otherwise to the disturbance of the public peace. Hubert, however, appeased his wrath with rich presents, and invited him to his table, where it is asserted that he was poisoned, for he retired to his castle of Salisbury in extreme illness and died almost immediately after, anno 1226. His lordship left issue, four sons and five daus., viz., William, his successor; Richard, a canon of Salisbury; Stephen, Justiciary of Ireland; Nicholas, bishop of Salisbury; Isabel, m. to William de Vesci; Ela, m. 1st, to Thomas, Earl of Warwick, and 2ndly to Philip Basset, of Hedendon; Idonea, m. to William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford; Lora, a nun at Lacock; and Ela, jun., m. to William de Odingsells. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 167, d'Evereux, Earls of Salisbury]

----------

I have attached William to Rosamund Clifford as that is how it is shown by Brian Tompsett at Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, although he provides the following notes: "The House of Clifford, Chapter 5: Much controversy surrounds the identity of the Mother of William, for Rosamund was not the king's only mistress, though there are many who believe she was. Those who dispute Rosamund's claim base their case on the disparity in the ages of all concerned, but there is other evidence as well which can not be ignored. Unfortunately, the records date neither the birth of Rosamund nor that of her father, or her reputed sons. Documents also indicate an Ida, and an Ykenai as his mother. Died on Crusade."

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William Longsword, 3rd earl of Salisbury, Longsword also spelled LONGESPEE (d. March 7, 1226, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng.), an illegitimate son of Henry II of England, and a prominent baron, soldier, and administrator under John and Henry III. He acquired his lands and title from Richard I, who in 1196 gave him the hand of the heiress Ela, or Isabel, daughter of William, earl of Salisbury. He held numerous official positions in England under John.

He was sent on missions to France (1202) and to Germany (1209). In 1213-14 he organized John's Flemish allies, taking part in the destruction (1213)of the French fleet at Damme, then the port of Bruges, and leading the right wing of the allied army at Bouvines (July 27, 1214), where he was captured. He was exchanged and was back in England by May 1215, when he was employed by John in inspecting the defenses of royal castles and fighting the rebels in the southwest.

During John's war against the barons, Salisbury deserted the king after the landing of Louis of France (May 1216); he returned to royal allegiance, however, by March 1217, fought at Lincoln (May) and Sandwich (August), and attested the Treaty of Kingston (September 1217).Salisbury held various posts during the minority of Henry III and served against the Welsh in 1223 and in Gascony in 1225. He and his wife were benefactors of Salisbury Cathedral and laid foundation stones of the new cathedral in 1220. William was buried there and his effigy, a splendid early example, still survives. [Britannica CD '97]

William married Countess of Salisbury Ela FitzPatrick in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of 2nd Earl of Salisbury William FitzPatrick and Eleanor de Vitre) was born in 1187/1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Age: 81

Eleanor married 6th Baron Percy William de Percy about 1234 in Red Castle, Angushire, Scotland. William (son of Henry de Percy and Isabel de Brus) was born in 1183 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; died before 28 Jul 1245 in Salley Abbey, England; was buried in Sutton-in-Craven, North Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helewise de Lancaster. Helewise (daughter of Baron Kendall William Lancaster and Helwise de Stuteville) was born in 1182 in Kendal, Westmorland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Creke. Robert (son of Robert de Creke) was born in 1163 in North Creke, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Helwise de Stuteville. Helwise (daughter of Robert IV de Stuteville and Helewise Mudac) was born in 1165 in Cumberland, England; died in 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alan married Margaret De Galloway in 1175 in Carrick, Ayrshire, , Scotland. Margaret was born in 1130 in East Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1182 in East Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alan married Alesta de Morggan de Mar in 1165 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alesta (daughter of Morggan MacGylocher, Mormaer and Earl De Mar and Agnes De Warenne) was born on 1 Jan 1150 in Mar, Aberdeenshire, , Scotland; died on 1 Jan 1210 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Ingelram (Ingram) de Baillol about 1195 in Gartley, Banffshire, Scotland. Ingelram was born in 1167 in Harcourt, Eure, Normandy, France; died in 1244 in Tours-en-Vimeu, Pickardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rohese de Romara. Rohese (daughter of 1st Earl of Lincoln William de Romara and Hawyse de Redvers) was born about 1120 in Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Gundred de Warenne about 1154. Gundred (daughter of 2nd Earl of Surrey William II de Warenne and Isabel (Elizabeth ) de Vermandois) was born about 1109 in Surrey, Surrey, England; died about 1166 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England; was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eschyna married Walter FitzAlan, 1st Great Steward of Scotland in 1131 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Walter (son of Alan FitzFlaad, Lord of Oswestry and Aveline De Hespine) was born in 1106 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England; died on 2 Feb 1177 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland; was buried in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Lord Bramber William IV The Younger de Braose in 1197. William (son of 4th Lord of Bramber William III de Braose and Maud de St. Valery) was born about 1170 in Bramber Castle, Sussex, England; died in 1210 in Corfe, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Roger de Lacy. Roger (son of Constable of Chester John de Lacy and Alice de Mandeville) was born about 1171 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1211. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, who, after the decease of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, the 2nd wife of Isabel, the divorced wife of King John, and in her right Earl of Gloucester, and her own decease, s.p., as also the decease of Almarick D'Evereux, son of the Earl of Evereux by Mabell, the other co-heiress, who likewise succeeded to the Earldom of Gloucester, became Earl of Gloucester, in right of his mother, Amicia, the other co-heiress. This nobleman was amongst the principal barons who took up arms against King John, and was appointed one of the twenty-five chosen to enforce the observance of Magna Carta. In the ensuing reign, still opposing the arbitrary proceedings of the crown, he fought on the side of the barons at Lincoln, and was taken prisoner there by William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke; but he soon afterwards made his peace. His lordship m. Isabel (who m. after his decease, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III), one of the daus., and eventually co-heiress of William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, by whom he had issue, Richard, his successor; William; Amicia, m. to Baldwin de Redvers, 4th Earl of Devon; Agnes; Isabel, m. to Robert de Brus. The earl d. in 1229 and was s. by his eldest son, Richard de Clare. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p. 119, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]

Gilbert married Isabel Marshal on 9 Oct 1214 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England. Isabel (daughter of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Birkhampstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Beaulieu, New Forest District, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Warin married Joan Marshal after 14 May 1219. Joan (daughter of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born about 1208 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died before Nov 1234. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady of Streatly, Berkshire; half-sister of William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex.

Family/Spouse: II Lord Dunster Reynold de Mohun. Reynold (son of Lord Dunster Reynold de Mohun and Alice de Briwere) was born about 1192 in Dunster, Somerset, England; died on 20 Jan 1257/58 in Tor Mohun, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/history/kells.htm

Geoffrey FitzRobert died in 1211, being held hostage on behalf of his Lord [Marshall] at Hereford Castle in England. As a result some of Geoffrey's lands were seized. Geoffrey is often confused with Geoffrey de Mareis [Marisco] who was Justiciar of Ireland for various terms between 1215 and 1228. The sons of Geoffrey included William and John, who were noted providing charters to the townspeople of Kells. After William died about 1234, he was succeeded in the lands at Kells by his brother, John FitzGeoffrey, who in 1243 is described as lord of Kells. In that year John granted to William Coterel and his heirs the land of Kilmenege (Kilmaganny) in free socage. In the 1247 feodary John held the 1 1/2 knights' fees in Kenles (Kells). In the 1317 partition of the "Share of Hugh le Despenser and Alianora his wife" these fees (of Kells and Dunnamaggan) were held by the heir of John son of Geoffrey. t John FitzGeoffrey had two sons, William FitzJohn and Geoffrey FitzJohn. William, the elder, died at Dublin in custody of the Justiciar, sometime between 1250 and 1256, relinquishing his inheritance to his younger brother Geoffrey FitzJohn. Geoffrey FitzJohn in turn had a son named John who confirmed the gifts to Kells monastery of his ancestors by charter dated 1286. Another charter of his to Kells is dated 1292. John [FitzGeoffrey] died sometime around 1305 for his heir William [FitzJohn] for that year the lands in Kells were held of the heir of John, son of Geoffrey, lord of Kenles, under age and in custody of the Earl of Gloucester (Cal. Just. Rolls, ii, 96). In 1308 William [FitzJohn] is quitted claim to Geoffrey Coterel of his rights in premises in Donimegan (Dunnamaggan), including the water courses and exits of the mill where formerly stood the mill of Nesta de Davy his grandmother (Ormond Deeds), who appears therefore to have been the wife of Geoffrey FitzJohn. In 1317 William, the heir of John, is cited holding the knights fees of Kells in the feodary recorded that year, which included Kenles and Donymegan (Dunnamaggin). The family presumably died out shortly after this, for Kells is soon found in the possession of the le Pores. g to the Ormond Deeds (Vol. 1, Curtis, 1933), John fitz Geoffrey is mentioned as lord of Kells in a grant to William Coterel and his heirs for ever Kilmegene [Kilmoganny] in free socage. This grant included the mountain and wood, extending in length from the cave of Letter, and from Corballyup to the water of Gortneslie; and in breadth from Karreenemo [Garrandynas, part of the town land of Rossenara] up to the water that runs between Kilmegene and Avene [Rossenara, anciently known as Owny];paying a mark of silver yearly. In a note by Curtis he cites Lettercorbally appearing in ancient documents as an alias for Castlehale, now the town land of Rossenara demesne, in the parish of Kilmoganny.

John married Isabell (Isabella) Bigod about 1229. Isabell (daughter of 3rd Earl of Norfolk Hugh Bigod and Matilda (Maud) Marshal) was born in Thetford, Norfolk, England; died on 23 Nov 1258. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel de Brus. Isabel was born in 1160 in Skelton, Yorkshire, England; died in 1230. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Walter married Margaret verch Llewelyn in 1232 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. Margaret (daughter of Llywelyn Fawr ap Iowerth, Prince of Wales and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Joan Plantagenet) was born in 1210 in Caernarvonshire, Wales; died in 1263 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Roger married Sibyl d'Ewyas after 1214. Sibyl (daughter of Baron of Ewyas Harold Robert II d'Ewyas and Petronilla Scudamore) was born about 1165 in Ewyas Harold, Herefordshire, England; died in 1236 in Ewyas Harold, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Emma de Cauz about 1232 in London, Middlesex, England. Emma was born about 1212 in of Shalbourne, Northumbeland, England; died before 1251. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Joan on 17 Oct 1251 in London, Middlesex, England. Joan was born about 1211 in Possibly, London, Middlesex, England; was christened in Tideswell, Derbyshire, England; died in 1256 in Sp, Leyham, England; was buried in Woburn, Bedfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Emma de Glanville about 1230. Emma (daughter of Geoffrey de Glanville and Margaret de la Haye) was born about 1205 in Surrey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Isabel de Warenne in 1210/1241. Isabel (daughter of 6th Earl of Surrey William de Warenne and Matilda (Maud) Marshal) was born in 1206/1228; died in 1282. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nicole married Roger de Somery about 1225 in Barrow, Leicestershire, England. Roger (son of Lord Dudley Ralph I de Somery and Margaret Marshall) was born about 1190 in Dinas, Cardigan, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died before 26 Aug 1273 in Dudley Castle, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke. Walter (son of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born in 1196; died on 24 Nov 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln on 20 Jun 1221. John (son of Roger de Lacy and Maud de Clere) was born about 1192 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; died on 22 Jul 1240 in Bur Stanlaw, Cheshire, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Merevale, Warwickshire, England
• Name: William de Ferrers

Notes:

William de Ferrers, 7th Earl of Derby, upon doing homage in the 32nd Henry III [c. 1248], had livery of Chartley Castle and the other lands of his mother's inheritance; and the same year he sat in the parliament held in London wherein the king made so stout an answer to the demands of his impetuous barons. His lordship m. 1st, Sibel, one of the daus. and co-heirs of William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, by whom he had seven daus., viz., Agnes, m. to William de Vesci; Isabel m. 1st to Gilbert Basset, of Wycombe, and 2ndly, to Reginald de Mohun; Maud, m. 1st to William de Kymes; 2ndly to William de Vyvon, and 3rdly, to Emerick de Rupel Carnardi; Sibil m. 1st to John de Vipont, 2ndly to Franco de Mohun; Joane m. to William Aguillon, and 2ndly to John de Mohun; Agatha m. to Hugh Mortimer of Chelmersh; Eleanor m. 1st to William de Vallibus, 2ndly to Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winton, and 3rdly to Roger de Leybourne, but had no issue. The earl m. 2ndly Margaret, one of the daus. and co-heirs of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and had issue: Robert, his successor; William, upon whom his mother conferred the lordship of Groby, co. Leicester; Joan, m. Thomas, Lord Berkeley; and Agnes, m. to Robert de Muscegros, Lord of Deerhurst.

His lordship, who from his youth had been a martyr to the gout, and in consequence obliged to he drawn from place to place in a chariot, lost his life by being thrown through the heedlessness of his driver over the bridge at St. Neots, co. Huntingdon, in 1254. He was survived by his eldest son, Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 197, Ferrers, Earls of Derby]

William married Sibyl Marshal before 14 May 1219. Sibyl (daughter of 1st Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and Isabel FitzGilbert de Clare) was born about 1191 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died before 1238. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret de Quincy. Margaret (daughter of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester and Helen "of Galloway") was born in 1218 in England; died in 1281 in England; was buried in Merevale, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lord of Appleby John de Vipont. John (son of Robert de Vipont and Idonea de Busli) was born in 1210 in Brougham Castle, Appleby, Westmorland, England; died in 1241. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]