 1340 - 1399 (58 years)
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| Name |
John "of Gaunt" Plantagenet [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
| Suffix |
Duke of Lancaster |
| Birth |
6 Mar 1340 |
St Bavon's Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium  [3, 4, 8] |
- Abbaye De St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre Orientale, Belgium
|
| Gender |
Male |
| Death |
3 Feb 1399 |
Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England [1, 3, 4, 8] |
| Burial |
15 Mar 1399 |
St. Pauls Cathedral, London, London, England [1, 2, 3] |
| Person ID |
I8463 |
Bob Juch's Tree |
| Last Modified |
31 Dec 2022 |
| Father |
Edward Plantagenet, King of England III, b. 13 Nov 1312, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England d. 21 Jun 1377, Shene Palace On-The-Thames, Richmond, Surrey, England (Age 64 years) |
| Relationship |
natural |
| Mother |
of Hainault Philippa d'Avesnes, b. 24 Jun 1314, Le Quesnoy, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France d. 15 Aug 1369, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England (Age 55 years) |
| Relationship |
natural |
| Marriage |
24 Jan 1327 |
York Minster, Deangate, Yorkshire, England [1, 10] |
| Family ID |
F3321 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family 1 |
Blanche "of Lancaster" Plantagenet, b. 25 Mar 1345, Castle Grosmont, Grosmont, Monmouthshire, England d. 12 Sep 1369, Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, England (Age 24 years) |
| Marriage |
19 May 1359 |
Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England |
| Children |
| | 1. Henry IV "of Bolingbroke" Plantagenet, King of England, b. 3 Apr 1367, Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, England d. 20 Mar 1413, House of the Abbot of Westminster, London, England (Age 45 years) [natural] |
| | 2. Elizabeth Plantagenet, b. 21 Feb 1363, Leicester Castle, Newark, Leicester, Leicestershire, England d. 24 Nov 1425, Burford House, Burford, Tenbury Wells, Cleobury Mortimer, Overs, South Shropshire, West Midlands, England (Age 62 years) [natural] |
| | 3. Edward Plantagenet, b. 4 May 1365, Leicester, Leicestershire, England d. 1368 (Age 2 years) [natural] |
| | 4. John Plantagenet, b. 4 May 1365 d. 1443 (Age 77 years) [natural] |
| | 5. Isabel Plantagenet, b. 1368 d. INFANT [natural] |
| | 6. Philippa "of Lancaster" Plantagenet, b. 31 Mar 1360, Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England d. 19 Jul 1415, Odivelas, Beja, Portugal (Age 55 years) [natural] |
| | 7. John Plantagenet, b. 1362 d. 1365 (Age 3 years) [natural] |
|
| Family ID |
F3316 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
31 Dec 2022 |
| Family 2 |
Constance of Castile, b. 1354 d. Jun 1394 (Age 40 years) |
| Marriage |
21 Sep 1371 |
| Children |
| | 1. Catherine of Lancaster, b. 31 Mar 1373, Hertford Castle, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England d. 2 Jun 1418, Valladolid, Castilla-Leon, Spain (Age 45 years) [natural] |
| | 2. John Plantagenet, b. 1372 d. 1375 (Age 3 years) [natural] |
|
| Family ID |
F3317 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
31 Dec 2022 |
| Family 3 |
Katherine de Roët, b. 25 Nov 1350, Hainault, Belgium d. 10 May 1403, Lincolnshire, England (Age 52 years) |
| Marriage |
13 Jan 1396 |
Lincoln Cathedral, Lincolnshire, England [1] |
| Children |
| | 1. Bishop of Winchester Henry Beaufort, b. 1376, Chateau, De Beaufort, Meurthe et Mosel, France d. 11 Apr 1447, Winchester Cathedral, London, England (Age 71 years) [natural] |
| | 2. 1st Earl of Somerset John Beaufort, b. 1371, Beaufort Castle, Champagne, France d. 16 Mar 1410, London, Middlesex, England (Age 39 years) [natural] |
| | 3. Duke of Exeter Thomas Beaufort, b. Abt 1377, Beaufort Castle, Champagne, France d. 27 Dec 1426, East Greenwich, Kent, England (Age 49 years) [natural] |
| | 4. Joan Beaufort, b. 1 May 1375, Beaufort Castle, Goudet, Haute-Loire, Auvergne, France d. 13 Nov 1440, Howden, Yorkshire, England (Age 65 years) [natural] |
|
| Family ID |
F3318 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
31 Dec 2022 |
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| Notes |
- He was a Knight of the Order of the Garter. He was Prince of England, in 1342 he was Earl of Richmond, in 1361 he was Earl of Lancaster, and, in 1362 he was Earl of Derby, Earl of Leicester and Earl of Lincoln. Also he was Titular King of Castile and Leon and Duke of Aquitane. In 1377, he became Earl Palatinate.
Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Richmond, Earl of Derby, Earl of Lincoln, Duke of Aquitaine, Lord of Beaufort and Nogent, Rey de Castilla y Leon, Seigneur de Bergerac et Roche-sur-Yon, Knight of the Garter.
He virtually ran England during his Father's declining years. He was one of the wealthiest men in the realm. --- He had wealth and power over the lives of others of a type we find it hard to even imagine today. His progeny became rich and powerful in his train. Perhaps he mused that he would go down in History as Duke of Lancaster, honored, feared, magnificent and respected. And yet, because William Shakespeare [1564-1616], 200 years after the Duke of Lancaster's death --- writes a play called Richard II [1595-1596] and calls him John of Gaunt, an infant nickname that John enjoyed until the age of three, and not thereafter --- this sobriquet --- corrupted from his birthplace in Ghent, Flanders, Netherlands --- sticks to him forever. Ghent is now in Belgium. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, Rey de Castilla y Leon has been dead for almost 600 years --- but Shakespeare's christening wins the historical palm and is the name he sleeps with for the eons. Scribblers are often powerful beyond belief. -- Spencer Hines
He was only able to marry her after Constanza's death, at which time her children by him were retro-actively legitimated. -- Brant Gibbard
The four original Beauforts were born to Katherine Roet Swynford and John of Gaunt while John's second wife was still alive. On her death in 1394 John married Katherine, and in 1397 Richard II, as a favour to John of Gaunt and in order to neutralize John's son Derby (later King Henry IV) legitimatized the children who had been born out of wedlock. Richard's Act of Parliament did not bar the Beauforts or their descendants from the throne. But Henry IV later wrote in, between the lines of the document, a clause excluding the Beauforts from the succession. This interlineation was, bluntly, a forgery of an Act of Parliament, and Henry VII's sccession confounded it. -- from Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (by Allen Andrews, Marshall Cavendish, London 1985)
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399), English soldier and statesman, the fourth son of King Edward III of England, and brother of Edward, the Black Prince. John was born in March 1340 in Ghent (M.E., Gaunt), now in Belgium. In 1359 he married Blanche, daughter of Henry, duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke.
John of Gaunt played an important part in the wars of the period between England and France and between England and Spain. He commanded a division of the English army, led by the Black Prince, that defeated the army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and Leon) at N jerera in 1367. As a result of his second marriage, to Constance, daughter of Peter the Cruel (king of Castile and Leon), John laid claim to the throne ofofof Castile. . During the Hundred Years' War, he aided (1370-1371) the Black Prince against France and established English rule over most of southern France. After a severe illness forced the return of the Black Prince to England, John took command of the English armies; by 1380 he had lost much of the territory the English had previously won. In 1386 John invaded Castile, but was defeated by John I, king of Castile and Leon. John of Gaunt gave up his claim to Castile and Leon in 1387, whe when his daughter married d Henry, later Henry III, king of Castile and Leon.
John of Gaunt was also prominent in English affairs. Together with Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated the English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince. In 1376 Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. The death of the Black Prince that year and the dissolution of Parliament, however, enabled John to regain his power. In 1377, on the death of Edward III and the accession of Richard II (John's nephew and son of the Black Prince), John gave up his control of the government and thereafter played the role of peacemaker; he also supported the king, by whom he was made (1390) duke of Aquitaine. In 1396, after the death of his second wife, John married his mistress Catherine Swynford, and Richard legitimized their children the following year. Saddened by the exile (1398) of his son, Henry of Lancaster (later King Henry IV of England), John died on February 3 of the following year.
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| Sources |
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